Abstract
The nonzero sum four-person game was considered. We show that the game can be reduced to a global optimization problem by extending Mills’ result (J Soc Ind Appl Math 8(2):397–402, 1960). For solving the problem, we propose a global optimization method that combines the ideas of the classical multistart and an estimation of a convexity degree of the function. The proposed algorithm was tested numerically on some problems created by the well-known generator GAMUT (GAMUT is a Suite of Game Generators. http://gamut.stanford.edu) and allowed us to find solutions to the four-person game.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Von Neumann, J., Morgenstern, O.: Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1944)
Dresher, Melvin: The Mathematics of Games of Strategy. Dover Publications, New York (1981)
Germeyer, Y.U.B.: Introduction to Operation Reseach. Nauka, Moscow (1976)
Gibbons, R.: Game Theory for Applied Economists. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1992)
Owen, G.: Game Theory. Saunders, Philadelphia (1971)
Strekalovsky, A.S., Orlov, A.V.: Bimatrix Game and Bilinear Programming. Nauka, Moscow (2007)
Vorobyev, N.: Noncooperative Games. Nauka, Moscow (1984)
Pang, J.S.: Three modeling paradigms in mathematical programming. Math. Program. Ser. B. 125(2), 297–323 (2010)
Panicucci, B., Pappalardo, M., Passacantando, M.: On solving generalized Nash equilibrium problems via optimization. Optim. Lett. 3, 419–435 (2009)
Altangerel, L., Battur, G.: Perturbation approach to generalized Nash equilibrium problems with shared constraints. Optim. Lett. 6, 1379–1391 (2012)
Mangasarian, O.L., Stone, H.: Two-person nonzero games and quadratic programming. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 9, 348–355 (1964)
Strekalovsky, A.S.: Global optimality conditions for nonconvex optimization. J. Glob. Optim. 12, 415–434 (1998)
Horst, R., Tuy, H.: Global Optimization. Springer, Berlin (1993)
Porter, R., Nudelman, E., Shoham, Y.: Simple search methods for finding a Nash equilibrium. Game Econ. Behav. 63, 642–662 (2008)
Gilboa, I., Zemel, E.: Nash and correlated equilibria: some complexity considerations. Games Econ. Behav. 1, 80–93 (1989)
Khachiyan, L.: A polynomial time algorithm for linear programming. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 244, 1093–1096 (1979)
McKelvey, R., McLennan, A.: The maximal number of regular totally mixed Nash equilibria. J. Econ. Theory 72, 411425 (1997)
Nudelman, E., Wortman, J., Shoham, Y., Leyton-Brown, K.: Run the GAMUT: a comprehensive approach to evaluating game-theoretic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems (2004)
Enkhbat, R., Tungalag, N., Gornov, A., Anikin, A.: The curvilinear search algorithm for solving three-person game. In: Proceedings of DOOR 2016. CEUR-WS, vol. 1623, pp. 574–583. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1623/paperme4.pdf (2016). Accessed 20 Nov 2016
Howson, J.T.: Equilibria of polymatrix games. Manag. Sci. 18, 312–318 (1972)
Strekalovsky, A.S., Enkhbat, R.: Polymatrix games and optimization problems. Autom. Remote Control 75(4), 632–645 (2014)
Orlov, Andrei V., Strekalovsky, Alexander S., Batbileg, S.: On computational search for Nash equilibrium in hexamatrix games. Optim. Lett. 10(2), 369–381 (2014)
Mills, H.: Equilibrium points in finite games. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 8(2), 397–402 (1960)
Gornov, A., Zarodnyuk, T.: Computing technology for estimation of convexity degree of the multiextremal function. Mach. Learn. Data Anal. 10(1), 1345–1353 (2014)
GAMUT is a Suite of Game Generators. http://gamut.stanford.edu. Accessed 21 May 2017
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sd84lbisy5vtifn/AAB2PNVWONtK56egStv8c-Vea?dl=0. Accessed 26 June 2017
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the research Grants P2016-1228 of National University of Mongolia and by the research Grant 15-07-03827 of Russian Foundation for Basic Research. We would like to thank anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which much improved the earlier version of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Batbileg, S., Tungalag, N., Anikin, A. et al. A global optimization algorithm for solving a four-person game. Optim Lett 13, 587–596 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-017-1181-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-017-1181-2