Skip to main content
Log in

Market structure and information in payment card markets

  • Published:
International Journal of Automation and Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper investigates the structure of the payment card market, with consumers and merchants basing their subscription decisions on different information sets. We find that the market structure depends crucially on the information set on which consumers and merchants base their subscription decisions. In the studied case, we observe that a market with few cards dominating only emerges when decisions are based on very limited information. Under the same conditions using a complete information set, all cards survive in the long run. The use of an agent-based model, focusing on the interactions between merchants and consumers, as a basis for subscription decisions allows us to investigate the dynamics of the market and the effect of the indirect network externalities rather than investigating only equilibrium outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Statistics on Payment and Settlement Systems in Selected Countries — Figures for 2007, Report 86, Bank for International Settlements, March 2009.

  2. World Payments Report, Technical Report, The Royal Bank of Scotland and Capgemini and European Financial Management & Marketing Association, 2008.

  3. G. Ortiz. Remarks on interchange fees: Central bank perspectives and options. In Proceedings of Payments System Research Conferences, EconPapers, Kansas City, USA, pp. 289–307, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Vickers. Public policy and the invisible price: Competition law, regulation and the interchange fee. In Proceedings of Payments System Research Conferences, Kansas City, USA, pp. 231–247, 2005.

  5. S. E. Weiner. The federal reserves role in retail payments: Adapting to a new environment. Economic Review, no. 4, pp. 35–63, 2008.

  6. W. Bolt, S. Chakravorti. Economics of Payment Cards: A Status Report, DNB Working Paper 193, De Nederlandsche Bank, 2008.

  7. J. Wright. One-sided logic in two-sided markets. Review of Network Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 42–63, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. D. S. Evans, R. Schmalensee. The Industrial Organization of Markets with Two-sided Platforms, Technical Report 11603, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

  9. J. C. Rochet, J. Tirole. Two-sided markets: A progress report. RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 645–667, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. C. Rochet. The theory of interchange fees: A synthesis of recent contributions. Review of Network Economics, vol.2, no. 2, pp. 97–124, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. Evans, R. Schmalensee. The economics of interchange fees and their regulation: An overview, Working Paper 4548-05, MIT Sloan, USA, 2005.

  12. R. Schmalensee. Payment systems and interchange fees. Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 103–122, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. C. Rochet, J. Tirole. Cooperation among competitors: Some economics of payment card associations. The RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 549–570, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Wright. Pricing in debit and credit card schemes. Economics Letters, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 305–309, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Chakravorti, W. R. Emmons. Who pays for credit cards? Journal of Consumer Affairs, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 208–230, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J. C. Rochet, J. Tirole. Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 990–1029, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Guthrie, J. Wright. Competing Payment Schemes, Working Paper 0311, Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Chakravorti, R. Roson. Platform Competition in Twosided Markets: The Case of Payment Networks, Working Paper WP-04-09, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2005.

  19. W. Bolt, K. Soramaki. Competition, Barganing Power and Pricing in Twosided Markets, DNB Working Paper 181, De Nederlandsche Bank, 2008.

  20. B. Alexandrova-Kabadjova. Impact of interchange fees on a non-saturated multi-agent payment card market. International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting and Finance Management, vol. 16, no. 1–2, pp. 33–48, 2009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Goyal, M. C. W. Janssen. Non-exclusive conventions and social coordination. Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 34–57, 1997.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. G. Gardner, A. Stone. Competition Between Payment Systems, Research Discussion Paper 2009-02, Reserve Bank of Australia, Australia, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  23. G. Gardner, A. Stone. Competition Between Payment Systems: Results, Research Discussion Paper 2009-03, Reserve Bank of Australia, Australia, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. J. Gabszewicz, X. Y. Wauthy. Two-sided Markets and Price Competition with Multi-homing, CORE Discussion Paper 2004030, 2004.

  25. R. Roson. Platform Competition with Endogenous Multihoming, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Paper 2005.20, 2005.

  26. S. Chakravorti, R. Roson. Platform Competition in Twosided Markets: The Case of Payment Networks, Working Paper 2004-09, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, USA, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  27. T. Doganoglu, J. Wright. Multi-homing and compatibility. International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 45–67, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. E. Tsang. Computational intelligence determines effective rationality. International Journal of Automation and Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 63–66, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. B. Alexandrova-Kabadjova, A. Krause, E, Tsang. An agentbased model of interactions in the payment card market. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, University of Brimingham, UK, pp. 1063–1072, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  30. B. Alexandrova-Kabadjova, E. Tsang, A. Krause. Evolutionary learning of the optimal pricing strategy in an artificial payment card market. Natural Computing in Computational Economics and Finance, A. Brabazon, M. Oneill, Eds., Germany: Springer, pp. 233–251, 2008.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. B. Alexandrova-Kabadjova, E. Tsang, A. Krause. Competition is bad for consumers: Analysis of an artificial payment card market. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol. 15, no. 2, 2011.

  32. Q. Zhang, J. Sun, E. Tsang. Combinations of estimation of distribution algorithms and other techniques. International Journal of Automation and Computing, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 273–280, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R. Gonçalves. Policy Challenges in Two-sided Network Industries, Europe Economic Working Paper, 2003.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova.

Additional information

Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova received the first degree in information systems at ITESM-CCM, Mexico in 1996. She received the M. Sc. degree in computer science and the Ph.D. degree in computational finance from the University of Essex, UK in 2003 and 2007, respectively. From 1997 to 2007, she was working as system analyst at the Directorate of Systems, Banco de Mexico (Mexican Central Bank). Since 2007, she has been a payment system analyst at the General Directorate of Central Bank Operations, Banco de Mexico. She is a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) in Mexico.

Her research interests include payment card markets, payment systems, and agent-based computational economics.

Edward Tsang received the first degree in business administration (major in finance) and the Ph.D. degree in computer science. He is currently a professor in computer science at the University of Essex, UK where he leads the Computational Finance Group and Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization Group. He is also the director of the Centre for Computational Finance and Economic Agents (CCFEA), an interdisciplinary center. He chaired the Technical Committee for Computational Finance under the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society in 2004–2005.

His research interests include applied artificial intelligence, particularly computational finance, heuristic search, constraint satisfaction, and scheduling.

Andreas Krause received the M. Sc. degree in economics and the Ph.D. degree in finance from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He is currently a lecturer in finance at the University of Bath, UK.

His research interests include market microstructure theory, agent-based computational finance, and real options.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Alexandrova-Kabadjova, B., Tsang, E. & Krause, A. Market structure and information in payment card markets. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 8, 364–370 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-011-0593-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-011-0593-1

Keywords

Navigation