Abstract
Supercomputers are prevalent and vital to scientific research and industrial fields, and may be used to represent the level of national scientific development. A summary of the evolution of supercomputers will help direct the future development of supercomputers and supercomputing applications. In this paper, we summarize the accomplishments in supercomputing, predict the trend of future supercomputers, and present several breakthroughs in supercomputer architecture research.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Gerber R A, Wasserman H, eds. Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Biological and Environmental Research. http://www.science.doe.gov/ascr/ProgramDocuments/Docs/BERNERSCReport.pdf
Simon H, Zacharia T, Stevens R. Modeling and Simulation at the Exascale for Energy and the Environment (E3). DOE ASCR Program Technical Report, 2008, http://www.sc.doe.gov/ascr/ProgramDocuments/Docs/TownHall.pdf
Finck P, Keyes D, Stevens R, et al. Report on the Workshop on Simulation and Modeling for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems. 2006, http://www.sc.doe.gov/ascr/Misc/gnep06-final.pdf
McIlroy A, McRae G, Sick V, et al. Basic research needs for clean and efficient combustion of 21st century transportation fuels. 2006, http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/CTF_rpt.pdf
Schreck S, Lundquist J, Shaw W, et al. U.S. department of energy workshop report: research needs for wind resource characterization (national renewable energy laboratory technical report NREL/TP- 500-43521). 2008, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/43521.pdf
Rosner R, Zika M. Multiphysics simulation problems. Scientific grand challenges in national security: the role of computing at the extreme Scale. In: Proceedings of DOE NNSA-ASCR Workshop, October, Washington D. C. USA, 2009
Gregurick S, Drell D, Chalk C, et al. Scientific grand challenges: opportunities in biology at the extreme scale of computing. BER/Biology Workshop Report, August, Chicago, USA, 2009, http://www.er.doe.gov/ascr/ProgramDocuments/Docs/BiologyReport.pdf
Dongarra J, Beckman P, Moore T, et al. International exascale software project roadmap (draft 0.93). 2009, http://www.exascale.org/mediawiki/images/a/a1/Iesp-roadmap-draft-0.93-complete.pdf
Berman F. Developing cyberinfrastructure for data-oriented science and engineering. In: Proceedings of Next Steps in Using Combustion Cyberinfrastructure, San Diego, USA, 2007
Gaston D, Hansen G, Kadioglu S, et al. Parallel multiplysics algorithms and software for computational nuclear engineering. In: Proceedings of SciDAC Workshop 2009, June, San Diego, USA, 2009
Ghemawat S, Gobioff H, Leung S T. The Google file system. In: Proceedings of 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Lake George, NY, 2003, 29–43
Dean J, Ghemawat S. MapReduce: Simplified data processing on large clusters. In: Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation, San Francisco, USA, December, 2004, 137–150
Gantz J F, Chute C, Manfrediz A, Minton S, Reinsel D, Schlichting W, Toncheva A. The diverse and exploding digital universe. An International Data Cooperation White Paper. 2008, http://www.emc.com/collateral/analystreports/diverse-exploding-digital-universe.pdfMarch
Cisco. http://www.cisco.com/cisco crs-3 router
Bechtolsheim A. The road from peta to exaflop. In: Proceeding of 2009 International Supercomputing Conference, June, 2009
Kogge P, Bergman K, Borkar S, et al. ExaScale computing study: technology challenges in achieving exascale Systems. DARPA IPTO, September, 2008
Amarasinghe S, Campbell D, Carlson W, et al. ExaScale software study: software challenges in extreme scale systems. DARPA IPTO, September, 2009
Vantrease D, Schreiber R, Monchiero M, et al. Corona: system implications of emerging nanophotonic technology. In: Proceedings of 35th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Computer Architecture, Beijing, China, 2008, 153–164
Batten C, Joshi A, Orcutt J, et al. Building Manycore processor-to- DRAM networks with monolithic silicon photonics. In: Proceedings of 16th IEEE Symposium of High Performance Interconnects, 2008, 21–30
Miller D. Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2009, 97(7): 1166–1185
Parker M, Scott S. The impact of optics on hpc system interconnects. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects, 2009, 143–147
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, X., Fang, X., Hu, S. et al. Evolution of supercomputers. Front. Comput. Sci. China 4, 428–436 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-010-0118-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-010-0118-z