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Robust watermarking of databases in order-preserving encrypted domain

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Abstract

Security of databases has always been a hot topic in the field of information security. Privacy protection can be realized by encrypting data, while data copyright can be protected by using digital watermarking technology. By combining these two technologies, a database’s copyright and privacy problems in the cloud can be effectively solved. Based on order-preserving encryption scheme (OPES), circular histogram and digital watermarking technology, this paper proposes a new robust watermarking scheme for protection of databases in the encrypted domain. Firstly, the OPES is used to encrypt data to avoid exposing the data in the cloud. Then, the encrypted data are grouped and modified by the use of a circular histogram for embedding a digital watermark. The common data query operations in database are available for the encrypted watermarking database. In receivers, the digital watermark and the original data can be restored through a secret key and a key table. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm is robust against common database attacks in the encrypted domain.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61772234) and the Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’ Scientific and Technological Innovation (pdjh2020a0060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Shijun Xiang, Guanqi Ruan, Hao Li & Jiayong He

Authors
  1. Shijun Xiang
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  2. Guanqi Ruan
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  3. Hao Li
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  4. Jiayong He
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shijun Xiang.

Additional information

Shijun Xiang received the BS, MS and PhD degrees from Chang’an University (1997), Guizhou University (2000), and Sun Yat-sen University (2006), China, respectively. From 2006 to 2007, he was a Post-Doctoral Researcher with Korea University, South Korea. He is currently a Full Professor with the School of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, China. He has authored or co-authored over 100 peer-reviewed papers, including the IEEE TIP, the IEEE TCSVT and the IEEE TMM. His current research interests include robust watermarking, reversible data hiding, secure signal processing in encrypted domain and face spoofifing.

Guanqi Ruan received his BS degree from Jinan University, China in 2018. He is now studying for his MS degree. His current research interests include reversible watermarking and secure signal processing in encrypted domain.

Hao Li received his BS degree from Jinan University, China in 2016, MS degree from Jinan University, China in 2019. His research interests include security quantum image processing.

Jiayong He received his MS degree from Jinan University, China in 2018. His research interests include signal processing in encrypted domain and database watermarking.

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Xiang, S., Ruan, G., Li, H. et al. Robust watermarking of databases in order-preserving encrypted domain. Front. Comput. Sci. 16, 162804 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-020-0112-z

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