Abstract
In order to effectively evaluate the quality of stereoscopic images, we propose a no-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA) method. Firstly, considering the characteristics of binocular fusion, binocular rivalry, and binocular suppression of human visual system, we propose a new color cyclopean image which is suitable for symmetric and asymmetric distortion images. And then, based on the importance of the disparity map, the enhanced image is generated according to the cyclopean image and the disparity map. Next, the natural statistical features are extracted from the enhanced image and the cyclopean image weighted by the gradient of disparity map (named weighted cyclopean image) in the spatial domain. The kurtosis and skewness are extracted from disparity map. Finally, the extracted features are fused and the quality of stereoscopic image is obtained by support vector regression. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to most existing objective SIQA methods and can maintain a high degree of consistency with the subjective scores.





Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yang, J., An, P., Ma, J., et al.: No-reference stereo image quality assessment by learning gradient dictionary-based color visual characteristics. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. IEEE (2018)
Xu, X., Zhao, Y., Ding, Y.: No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment based on saliency-guided binocular feature consolidation. Electron. Lett. 53(22), 1468–1470 (2017)
Maalouf, A., Larabi, M.: CYCLOP: a stereo color image quality assessment metric. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1161–1164 (2011)
Ma, J., An, P., Shen, L., et al.: Reduced-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment using natural scene statistics and structural degradation. IEEE Access 6, 2768–2780 (2017)
Sazzad, Z. M. P., Horita, Y.: No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment. Proc. SPIE 7524(2):75240T–75240T-12
Fang, Y., Yan, J., Wang, J.: No reference quality assessment for stereoscopic images by statistical features. In: Ninth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience. IEEE (2017)
Chen, M., Cormack, L.K., Bovik, A.C.: No-reference quality assessment of natural stereopairs. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(9), 3379–3391 (2013)
Shen, L., Fang, R., Yao, Y., Geng, X., Wu, D.: No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment based on image distortion and stereo perceptual information. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell. 3(1), 59–72 (2019)
Ding, J., Klein, S.A., Levi, D.M.: Binocular combination of phase and contrast explained by a gain-control and gain-enhancement model. J Vis 13(2), 1–31 (2013)
Farid, M.S., Lucenteforte, M., Grangetto, M.: Evaluating virtual image quality using the side-views information fusion and depth maps. Inf Fusion 43, 47–56 (2018)
Shen, L., Lei, J., Hou, C.: No-reference stereoscopic 3D image quality assessment via combined model. Multimed. Tools Appl. 9, 1–18 (2017)
Levelt, W.J.M.: On binocular rivalry. Mouton, The Hague (1968)
Fezza, S. A., Larabi, M. C.: Stereoscopic 3D image quality assessment based on cyclopean view and depth map. In: IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Berlin, pp. 335–339. IEEE (2014)
Chen, M.J., Su, C.C., Kwon, D.K., et al.: Full-reference quality assessment of stereoscopic images by modeling binocular rivalry. In: Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE (2013)
Lu, K., Zhu, W.: Stereoscopic image quality assessment based on cyclopean image. In: Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, International Conference on Big Data Intelligence and Computing and Cyber Science and Technology Congress. IEEE (2016)
Liu, X., Kang, K., Liu, Y.: Stereoscopic image quality assessment based on depth and texture information. IEEE Syst. J. 99, 1–10 (2016)
Liu, L., Liu, B., Su, C.C., et al.: Binocular spatial activity and reverse saliency driven no-reference stereopair quality assessment. Signal Process. Image Commun. 58, 287–299 (2017)
Ruderman, D.L.: The statistics of natural images. Netw. Comput. Neural Syst. 5(4), 517–548 (1994)
Barten, P.G.J.: Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye and Its Effects on Image Quality. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven (1999)
Mittal, A., Moorthy, A.K., Ghosh, J., Bovik, A.C.: Algorithmic assessment of 3D quality of experience for images and videos. In: 2011 Digital Signal Processing and Signal Processing Education Meeting (DSP/SPE), Sedona, AZ, pp. 338–343 (2011)
Liu, Y., Cormack, L.K., Bovik, A.C.: Dichotomy between luminance and disparity features at binocular fixations. J. Vis. 10(12), 23 (2010)
Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, B., et al.: Quality assessment metric of stereo images considering cyclopean integration and visual saliency. Inf. Sci. Int. J. 373(C), 251–268 (2016)
Mittal, A., Moorthy, A.K., Bovik, A.C.: No-reference image quality assessment in the spatial domain. IEEE Trans. Image Process 21(12), 4695–4708 (2012)
Appina, B., Khan, S., Channappayya, S.S.: No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment using natural scene statistics. Signal Process. Image Commun. 43, 1–14 (2016)
Srivastava, A., Lee, A.B., Simoncelli, E.P., et al.: On advances in statistical modeling of natural images. J. Math. Imaging Vis. 18(1), 17–33 (2003)
Wang, Z., Simoncelli, E. P., Bovik, A. C.: Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment. In: Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 1398–1402. IEEE (2003)
Farid, M. S., Lucenteforte, M., Grangetto, M.: Objective quality metric for 3D virtual views. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Quebec City, QC, pp. 3720–3724 (2015)
Chang, C., Lin, C.: LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines (2019). http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/
Shao, F., Li, K., Lin, W., et al.: Learning blind quality evaluator for stereoscopic images using joint sparse representation. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 18(10), 2104–2114 (2016)
Ding, Y., Zhao, Y.: No-reference quality assessment for stereoscopic images considering visual discomfort and binocular rivalry. Electron. Lett. 53(25), 1646–1647 (2017)
Yue, G., Hou, C., Jiang, Q., et al.: Blind stereoscopic 3D image quality assessment via analysis of naturalness, structure, and binocular asymmetry. Signal Process. 150, 204–214 (2018)
Sang, Q., Gu, T., Li, C., et al.: Stereoscopic image quality assessment via convolutional neural networks. In: International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Wuxi (2017)
Yang, J., Jiang, B., Song, H., et al.: No-reference stereoimage quality assessment for multimedia analysis towards internet-of-things. IEEE Access 6, 7631–7640 (2018)
Funding
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (CN) (Grant Nos. 61571325, 61971306).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, S., Ding, Y. & Chang, Y. No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment based on cyclopean image and enhanced image. SIViP 14, 565–573 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01582-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01582-6