Skip to main content
Log in

A fusion machine approach for pulse train deinterleaving

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Signal, Image and Video Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the classification of radar emitters, it is important to be able to separate pulses in the interleaved pulse train in terms of their source. In practical scenarios, the received pulse train may miss a number of pulses. The missing pulses can degrade the performance of the existing TOA-based pulse train deinterleaving methods. However, this degradation is not identical for different methods. If multiple pulse train deinterleaving methods, which work with different principle, are used in fusion, it may be possible to have better performance than performance of any of pulse train deinterleaving methods used alone. In this paper, a framework to fuse multiple pulse train deinterleaved methods is proposed for separating individual pulse train included in the received pulse train. Under this framework, a Fusion Machine Approach (FMA) is proposed and the implementing steps of FMA are discussed in detail. Two types of FMA are employed in simulation. The results of simulation show that the proposed FMA has better performance than existing pulse train deinterleaving methods. The FMA has the best robustness to missing pulse and PRI jitter, and can effectively deinterleave the received pulse train with PRI stagger and jittered PRI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Viley, R.G.: ELINT: The Interception and Analysis of Radar Signals. Artech House Inc., Norwood, MA, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ghani, K.A., Sha’ameri A.Z., Dimyati K., Daud N.G.N.: Pulse Repetition Interval Analysis Using Decimated Walsh-Hadamard Transform, In 2017 IEEE Radar Conference, pp. 58–63, (2017)

  3. Orsi, R.J., Moore, J.B., Mahony, R.E.: Spectrum estimation of interleaved pulse trains. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 47(6), 1646–1653 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. McKilliam, R.G., Clarkson, I.V.L., Quinn, B.G.: Fast sparse period estimation. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 22(1), 62–66 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mardia, H.K.: ‘“New techniques for the deinterleaving of repetitive sequences”,’ IEE Proc. F - Radar Signal Process. 136(4), 149–154 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Milojević, D.J., Popović, B.M.: Improved algorithm for the deinterleaving of radar pulses. IEE Proc. F Radar Signal Process. 139(1), 98–104 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nishiguchi, K., Kobayashi, M.: Improved algorithm for estimating pulse repetition intervals. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 36(2), 407–421 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Liu, J., Meng, H., Liu, Y., Wang, X.: Deinterleaving pulse trains in unconventional circumstances using multiple hypothesis tracking algorithm. Signal Process. 90(2010), 2581–2593 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, Y., Zhang, Q.: Improved method for deinterleaving radar signals and estimating PRI values. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 12(5), 506–514 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Ge, Z., Sun, X., Ren, W., Chen, W., Xu, G.: Improved algorithm of radar pulse repetition interval deinterleaving based on pulse correlation. IEEE Access 7, 30126–30134 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu, C.W., Tao, J.W.: Period estimation of aliasing pulse sequences based on sparse reconstruction. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica 39(7), 322054 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tao, J.-W., Yang, C.-Z., Xu, C.-W.: Estimation of PRI Stagger in Case of Missing Observations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 58(11), 7982–8001 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu, Z.-M., Yu, P.S.: Classification, denoising, and deinterleaving of pulse streams with recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 55(4), 1624–1639 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, Z.-M.: Online pulse deinterleaving with finite automata. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 56(2), 1139–1147 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, X.-Q., Liu, Z.-M., Huang, Z.-T.: Deinterleaving of pulse streams with denoising autoencoders. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 56(6), 4767–4778 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Villano, M., Krieger, G., Jager, M., Moreira, A.: Staggered SAR: performance analysis and experiments with real data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55(11), 6617–6638 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China under Grants 20210101171JC; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61571462;

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianwu Tao.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tao, J., Cui, W. & Chang, W. A fusion machine approach for pulse train deinterleaving. SIViP 17, 353–360 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-022-02238-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-022-02238-8

Keywords

Navigation