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Adapted type-II fuzzy algorithm to process images with non-uniform illumination

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Abstract

Digital images express information efficiently and powerfully by illustrating complex ideas, scenes, concepts, and emotions. Their usefulness can diminish if their information is not displayed clearly. Digital images are not always obtained in a clear-detail state as their clarity depends on numerous factors including the lighting conditions of the scene. The non-uniform illumination effect occurs in digital images when the light is not evenly allocated across the image. This results in certain areas appearing brighter or darker than others, which decreases the image quality and affects its usefulness for various applications. Thus, an adapted type-II fuzzy (ATF) algorithm is introduced to process the non-uniform illumination and produce images with more correct illumination. It begins by receiving the input and converting it to the HSV domain, where only the V channel is processed while the H and S channels are preserved. Next, the V channel is fuzzified and the upper and lower bounds are computed using two curvy transforms followed by determining the variance of the fuzzified channel. After that, the Hamacher T-conorm is computed, and the histogram of its output is stretched using a modified approach. Next, the tonality is adjusted using an amended method, and the output is converted back to the RGB domain as a last step. The ATF algorithm is tested with a dataset of more than two hundred images, appraised against eight different algorithms, and the quality of the outputs is evaluated using six sophisticated methods. The ATF has shown various results that own much better illumination, satisfactory contrast, intense colors, and appeared with better details, as well as outperformed the comparison methods according to the evaluation scores, runtimes, and visual appearance.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the University of Mosul for their generous support during this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq

    Zohair Al-Ameen

  2. ICT Research Unit, Computer Center, University of Mosul Presidency, University of Mosul, Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq

    Zohair Al-Ameen

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Al-Ameen, Z. Adapted type-II fuzzy algorithm to process images with non-uniform illumination. SIViP 18, 3109–3122 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-023-02974-5

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