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YOLOv5-S-G-B: a lightweight intelligent detection model for cardboard surface defects

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Abstract

In the manufacturing process of cardboard boxes, rapid and accurate surface defect detection is crucial for ensuring quality and preventing resource waste. However, current target detection models have large parameters that impact real-time processing and hinder deployment on devices with limited computational power, reducing both efficiency and applicability. To solve this challenge and better align with real-world application demands, a lightweight improved YOLOv5s model for detecting surface defects on cardboard boxes has been proposed in this study. Inspired by the lightweight features of ShuffleNetV2 and the Ghost model, and with the aim of achieving model lightweighting, the backbone is initially restructured through the incorporation of the ShuffleNetV2 primitive unit. Subsequently, we replace C3 and CBS with C3_Ghost and G_CBS, developing a lightweight backbone and neck structure. Ultimately, inter-layer skip connections are employed to design a feature fusion network applied in the neck to compensate for accuracy. The expriment results demonstrates that the improved YOLOv5-S-G-B model achieves significant reductions in parameters, GFLOPs, and weight dimensions-74.3%, 78.5%, and 72.3%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv5s. It maintains an average accuracy of 94% and the average detection rate on less powerful CPUs increases from 7.00 frames per second (FPS). The YOLOv5-S-G-B model maintains high accuracy while featuring a significantly lightweight structure, making it better suited for real-world cardboard box defect detection applications.

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Data availability

The codes used during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to everyone in the laboratory for your dedication and guidance, and thanks for your corrections.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42004057) .

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Contributions

All the authors contributed extensively to the manuscript. YM and LZ contributed to data collection and algorithm development. XW and ZZ helped with the formatting review and editing of the paper. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dajun Li.

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Yang, M., Li, D., Luo, P. et al. YOLOv5-S-G-B: a lightweight intelligent detection model for cardboard surface defects. SIViP 18, 6997–7011 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03369-w

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