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Frequency-difference MUSIC: a method for DOA estimation in inhomogeneous media

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Abstract

In this paper, frequency-difference multiple signal classification (FD-MUSIC), a direction of arrival (DOA) method for high frequency signal source in inhomogeneous media, is proposed for an uniform linear array (ULA). In the FD-MUSIC method, the effect of inhomogeneity of media on DOA estimation results of high frequency signals with similar propagation pathes can be effectively suppressed by frequency-difference operation, so as to improve the robustness of DOA estimation. At the same time, combined with the idea of subspace decomposition in the MUSIC method, the DOA estimation azimuth resolution is improved. In order to ensure the DOA estimation performance of the FD-MUSIC method, it is required theoretically that the phase fluctuation of the frequency-difference signals caused by the inhomogeneity of media is far less than \(2\pi \), and the array element spacing of the ULA is less than half of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency-difference \(\Delta f\). Two sufficient condition for the FD-MUSIC are given in this paper and the performance of the FD-MUSIC method is analyzed by simulations. When the conditions required by the FD-MUSIC method are satisfied, simulation results show that the DOA estimation performance of the FD-MUSIC method is better than that of the conventional beamforming (CBF) method, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, the frequency-difference beamforming (FDBF) method, and deconvolved frequency-difference beamforming (Dv-FDB) method in the presence of inhomogeneity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 52071309 and 52001296, the Taishan Scholars under Grant No. tsqn 201909053, and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities under Grant Nos. 202161003, 202065005, 862001013102, 202165007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Technology, Ocean university of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Wei Gao, Shuping Zhu, Xiaolei Li, Haozhong Wang & Liang Wang

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  1. Wei Gao
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  2. Shuping Zhu
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  3. Xiaolei Li
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  5. Liang Wang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, W.G. and S.Z.; methodology, X.L.; software, S.Z., X.L, W.G; validation, X.L., H.W. and L.W.; formal analysis, S.Z. and X.L; investigation, H.W. and L.W.; resources, S.Z. W.G.; data curation, S.Z.; writing-original draft preparation, X. L. and W.G.; writing-review and editing, S.Z., H.W. and L.W.; visualization, S.Z., X.L. and W.G.; supervision, L.W., H. W. and X.L.; project administration, W.G. and X.L. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiaolei Li.

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Gao, W., Zhu, S., Li, X. et al. Frequency-difference MUSIC: a method for DOA estimation in inhomogeneous media. SIViP 18, 7029–7040 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03372-1

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