Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Dynamic peer buffer adjustment to improve service availability on peer-to-peer on-demand streaming networks

  • Published:
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In general, on-demand video services enable clients to watch videos from beginning to end. As long as clients are able to buffer the initial part of the video they are watching, on-demand service can provide access to the video to the next clients who request to watch it. Therefore, the key challenge is how to keep the initial part of a video in a peer’s buffer for as long as possible, and thus maximize the service availability of a video for stream relay. In our previous research work, we proposed a novel caching scheme for peer-to-peer on-demand streaming, called Dynamic Buffering. The dynamic buffering relies on the feature of Multiple Description Coding to gradually reduce the number of cached descriptions held in a peer’s buffers, once the buffer is full. In this paper, we proposed three description dropping policies for dynamic buffering, called sequence dropping, m-dropping, and binary dropping. In addition, mathematical formulas of the reduced number of buffer adjustments of descriptions and the reduction of the average number of selectable descriptions for m-dropping and binary dropping by factors of the number of receiving descriptions (n) and the number of discarded descriptions (m) are established. Experimental results showed that the m-dropping, \(\emph{m}=\left\lceil {\frac{n} {2}} \right\rceil\) generally outperformed m-dropping, \(\emph{m}=2\) and binary dropping in terms of service availability. Even though the accumulated reduction of buffer adjustments for m-dropping policies was less than that for binary dropping, the average number of selectable descriptions for m-dropping was much greater than that for binary dropping. Furthermore, Compared with the sequence dropping, the m-dropping, \(\emph{m}=\left\lceil {\frac{n} {2}}\right\rceil\), would have much less number of buffer adjustments with little difference of the number of selectable descriptions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Androutsellis-Theotokis S, Spinellis D (2004) A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies. ACM Comput Surv 36(4):335–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Stoica I, Morris R, Liben-Nowell D, Karger DR, Kaashoek MF, Dabek F, Balakrishnan H (2003) Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications. IEEE/ACM Netw 11(1):17–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rowstron A, Druschel P (2001) Pastry: scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In: ACM conference on distributed systems, pp 329–350

  4. Ripeanu M (2001) Peer-to-peer architecture case study: Gnutella network. In: Proceedings of IEEE P2P

  5. Schollmeier R (2001) A definition of peer-to-peer networking for the classification of peer-to-peer architectures and applications. In: First international conference on peer-to-peer computing, 2001. Proceedings, pp 101–102

  6. Castro M, Druschel P, Kermarrec AM, Nandi A, Rowstron A, Singh A (2003) Splitstream: high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments. In: Proc. of ACM symposium on operating system principles, pp 298–313

  7. Cui Y, Nahrstedt K (2003) Layered peer-to-peer streaming. In: Proceedings of ACM NOSSDAV, pp 162–171

  8. Do TT, Hua KA, Tantaoui MA (2004) P2vod: providing fault tolerant video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. In: Proc. of IEEE communications, pp 1467–1472

  9. Guo Y, Suh K, Kurose J, Towsley D (2003) P2cast: peer-to-peer patching scheme for vod service. In: Proc. of ACM WWW, pp 301–309

  10. Kusmierek E, Dong Y, Du DH (2006) Loopback: exploiting collaborative caches for large-scale streaming. IEEE Trans Multimedia 8(2):233–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jin S, Bestavros A (2002) Cache and relay streaming media delivery for asynchronous clients. In: Proc. international workshop on networked group communication (NGC02), Boston, MA, USA

  12. Cui Y, Li B, Nahrstedt K (2004) Ostream: asynchronous streaming multicast in application-layer overlay networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun (JSAC) 22:91–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dan A, Sitaram D, Shahabuddin P (1994) Batching: scheduling policies for an on-demand video server with batching. In: ACM conference on multimedia, pp 15–23

  14. Hua KA, Cai Y (1998) Patching: a multicast technique for true video-on-demand services. In: Proc. of ACM MM, pp 191–200

  15. Hu A (2001) Video-on-demand broadcasting protocols: a comprehensive study. In: IEEE INFOCOM, pp 508–517

  16. Goyal VK (2001) Multiple description coding: compression meets the network. IEEE Signal Process Mag 18(5):74–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lu Z, Pearlman WA (1998) An efficient, low-complexity audio coder delivering multiple levels of quality for interactive application. In: Proc. of IEEE multimedia signal, pp 529–534

  18. Albanese A, Blomer J, Edmonds J, Luby M, Sudan M (1996) Priority encoding transmission. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 42(6):1737–1744

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Wand Y, Reibman AR, Lin S (2005) Multiple description coding for video delivery. In: Proc. of the IEEE, pp 57–70

  20. Tan X, Datta S (2005) Building multicast trees for multimedia streaming in heterogeneous P2P networks. In: IEEE systems communications, pp 141–146

  21. Lin C-S (2010) Improving the availability of scalable on-demand streams by dynamic buffering on P2P networks. KSII Trans Int Inf Syst (TIIS) 4(4):491–508

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lin C-S, Wang G-S (2011) Balanced dynamic buffering for scalable P2P video-on-demand streaming with multiple description coding. In: The fifth international conference on complex, intelligent, and software intensive systems (CISIS-2011), Korea

  23. Bernardini R, Durigon M, Rinaldo R, Celetto L, Vitali A (2004) Polyphase spatial subsampling multiple description coding of video streams with h264. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on image processing, vol 5, pp 3213–3216

  24. Campana O, Milani S (2004) A multiple description coding scheme for the h.264/avc coder. In: Proc. of the international conf. on telecommunication and computer networks, pp 191–195

  25. Apostolopoulos J (2001) Reliable video communication over lossy packet networks using multiple state encoding and path diversity. In: Proc. of visual communications: image processing, pp 392–409

  26. Zandon‘a N, Milani S, De Giusti A (, .) Motion-compensated multiple description video coding for theh.264/avc standard. In: Proc. of IADAT international conf. on multimedia, image processing and computer vision, pp 290–294

  27. Ding Y, Liu J, Wang D, Jiang H (2010) Peer-to-peer video-on-demand with scalable video coding. Comput Commun 33(14):1589–1597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Padmanabhan VN, Wang HJ, Chou PA, Sripanidkulchai K (2002) Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking. In: ACM conference on NOSSDAV, pp 177–186

  29. Lin C-S ( 2011) Enhancing P2P live streaming performance by balancing description distribution and available forwarding bandwidth in P2P streaming network. Int J Commun Syst 24(4):568–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by National Science Council under contracts NSC 100-2221-E-024-006 and NSC 100-2815-C-024-008-E.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chow-Sing Lin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lin, CS., Yan, MJ. Dynamic peer buffer adjustment to improve service availability on peer-to-peer on-demand streaming networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 7, 1–15 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-012-0138-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-012-0138-6

Keywords

Navigation