Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Two-layer hybrid peer-to-peer networks

  • Published:
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a two-layer hybrid P2P (HP2P) network architecture that improves both system efficiency and scalability while maintaining high stability. We present its architecture, data structures and operations, including lookup service, stabilization, as well as supernode selection. Theoretical analysis and a large number of simulations results show that HP2P has good scalability, high efficiency, and desired stability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wolff R, Schuster A (2004) Association rule mining in peer-to-peer systems. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern 34:2426–2438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shen H, Liu G (2013) A lightweight and cooperative multifactor considered file replication method in structured P2P systems. IEEE Trans Comput 62:2115–2130

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Gnutella. http://www.gnutella.com

  4. Tu X, Jin H, Cao J, Guo S, Zheng L, Lv Z (2013) An efficient data scheduling scheme for P2P storage-constrained IPTV system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 43:379–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen M, Ponec M, Sengupta S, Li J, Chou A (2012) Utility maximization in peer-to-peer systems with applications to video conferencing. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 20:1681–1694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ghanea-Hercock A, Wang F, Sun Y (2006) Self-organizing and adaptive peer-to-peer network. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern 36:1230–1236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pitoura E, Abiteboul S, Pfoser D, et al. (2003) DBGlobe: a service-oriented P2P system for global computing. ACM Sigmod Record 32:77–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Napster. http://www.napster.com

  9. Blond S, Fessant F, Merrer E (2012) Choosing partners based on availability in P2P networks. ACM Trans Auton Adapt Syst 7(25)

  10. LimeWire Website http://www.limewire.com

  11. Lewthwaite J (2012) FrostWire P2P forensic examinations[J]. Digit Investig

  12. BearShare Website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BearShare

  13. Chen H, Jin H, Luo X, Liu Y, Gu T, Chen K, Ni M (2012) BloomCast: efficient and effective full-text retrieval in unstructured P2P networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23:232–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hsiao H, Su H (2012) On optimizing overlay topologies for search in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23:924–935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Suto K, Nishiyama H, Kato N, Nakachi T, Fujii T, Takahara A (2013) THUP: a P2P network robust to churn and DoS attack based on bimodal degree distribution. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 31:247–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Li J, Chao C (2010) An efficient P2P content distribution system based on altruistic demand and recoding dissemination. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst Hum 40:1083–1093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stoica I, Morris R, Karger D, Kaashoek MF, Balakrishnan H (2001) Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for Internet applications. In: Proceedings of the 2001 SIGCOMM conference, pp 149–160

  18. Ratnasamy S, Francis P, Handley M, Karp R, Shenker S (2001) A scalable content-addressable network. In: Proceedings of the 2001 SIGCOMM conference, pp 161–172

  19. Rowstron A, Druschel P (2001) Pastry: scalable, decentralized object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In: Proceedings of the 18th IFIP/ACM international conference on distributed systems platforms, pp 329–350

  20. Zhao B, Kubiatowicz J, Joseph A (2001) Tapestry: an infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and routing, Report NO: CSD-01-1141, Computer Science Division

  21. Mittal P, Borisov N (2012) Information leaks in structured peer-to-peer anonymous communication systems. ACM Trans Inf Syst Secur 15:267–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Giordanelli R, Mastroianni C, Meo M (2012) Bio-inspired P2P systems: the case of multidimensional overlay. ACM Trans Auton Adapt Syst 7(35)

  23. KaZaA http://www.kazaa.com/

  24. Cohen B (2005) The BitTorrent protocol specification[EB/OL]. http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent/protocol.html

  25. Kulbak Y, Bickson D (2005) The eMule protocol specification[EB/OL], http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/labs/danss/presentations/emule.pdf

  26. Xu Z, Hu Y (2003) SBARC: a supernode based peer-to-peer file sharing system. In: Proceedings of ISCC 2003, pp 1053–1058

  27. Ganesan P, Gummadi K, Garcia-Molina H (2004) Canon in G major: designing DHTs with hierarchical structure. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp 263–272

  28. Peng Z, Duan Z, Qi J, Cao Y, Lv E (2007) HP2P: a hybrid hierarchical P2P network. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on the digital society, p 18

  29. Lv E, Duan Z, Qi J, Cao Y, Peng Z (2007) Incorporating clusters into hybrid P2P network. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on the digital society, p 17

  30. Cao Y, Duan ZH, Qi JJ, Peng Z, Lv ET (2006) Implementing chord for HP2P network. In: OTM workshops 2006, pp 1480–1489

  31. Wang L, Duan ZH, Wang B (2008) The performance of HP2P. In: In the proceedings of ICPCA08, pp 959–964

  32. Wang B, Duan ZH, Wang L (2008) Kapa: a file sharing system based on HP2P. In: Proceedings of ICIW08, pp 403–409

  33. Glendenning L, Beschastnikh I, Krishnamurthy A, Anderson TE (2011) Scalable consistency in scatter. In: Proceedings of the 23rd SOSP, pp 15–28

  34. Liang J, Kumar R, Ross KW Understanding KaZaA, http://cis.poly.edu/ross/papers/UnderstandingKaZaA.pdf

  35. Garcés-Erice L, Biersack EW, Felber PA, Ross KW, Urvoy-Keller G (2003) Hierarchical peer-to-peer systems. World Scientific 13:543–657

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. Lu E, Huang Y, Lu S (2009) ML-Chord: a multi-layered P2P resource sharing model. J Netw Comput Appl 32:578– 588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Castro M, Druschel P, Hu YC, Rowstron A (2002) Exploiting network proximity in peer-to-peer overlay networks, MSR-TR-2002-82

  38. Doyen G, Nataf E, Festor O (2005) A hierarchical architecture for a distributed management of P2P networks and services. Ambient Netw 3775:257–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Voulgaris S, Jelasity M, Steen MV (2005) A robust and scalable peer-to-peer gossip protocol. Agents and Peer-to-Peer Computing 2872:47–58

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Karger D, Lehman E, Leighton T, Levine M, Lewin D, Panigrahy R (1997) Consistent hashing and random trees: distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the world wide web. In: Proceedings of the 29th annual ACM symposium on theory of computing, pp 654–663

  41. Secure Hash Standard (1995) U. S. Department of Commerce/NIST. National Technical Information Service, Springfield

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lin MJ, Marzullo K, Masini S (2000) Gossip versus DeterministicallyConstrained flooding on small networks. Distrib Comput 1914:85–89

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. PeerSim, http://sourceforge.net/projects/peersim/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Computing Theory and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China

    Zhenhua Duan, Cong Tian, Xiaobing Wang, Nan Zhang & Lei Wang

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 071, USA

    Mengchu Zhou

  3. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Hongwei Du

Authors
  1. Zhenhua Duan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cong Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mengchu Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaobing Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hongwei Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cong Tian.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

(PDF 285 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Duan, Z., Tian, C., Zhou, M. et al. Two-layer hybrid peer-to-peer networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 10, 1304–1322 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-016-0460-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-016-0460-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation