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Pipeline slot based fast rerouting scheme for delay optimization in duty cycle based M2M communications

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Abstract

In recent years, with the development of networked Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an important carrier of CPSs, has been applied more and more. In WSNs, many applications require low delay and high reliability for routing the sensing data to sink. Due to the lossy nature of wireless channels, rerouting schemes are often applied to ensure reliable data collection for mission-critical applications. However, rerouting together with multi-hop routing in duty cycle base WSNs will make designing a low delay routing scheme a challenge issue. In this paper, a Pipeline Slot based Fast Rerouting (PSFR) Scheme is proposed to reduce delay in duty cycle based WSNs. The main innovation points of PSFR scheme are as follows: (a) In duty cycle based WSNs, the major delay is caused by the sleep delay when nodes in the route forwarding to next hop node. Therefore, in PSFR scheme, we add a sequential active (SA) slot at the next hop node which is active at the next slot of the active slot of the previous node, which enables the previous node to forward packets to the next hop node in the slot right after receiving packet in active slot and greatly reduces sleep delay. (b) The second, in PSFR scheme, the backup path is designed beforehand in a less stringent pipeline active slot, so the packet can reach the sink with a relatively low delay when rerouting. (c) More importantly, in PSFR scheme, the added SA slots use the residual energy of peripheral nodes, which means they reduce the routing delay without decreasing network lifetime. After sufficient theoretical analysis and experiment, results show that the PSFR scheme can reduce the delay by more than 58.215% in the experiment networks without reducing the network lifetime, and the PSFR scheme can improve the energy utilization of network by more than 27.66%.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61772554), Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks (NLBKF201804) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY17F020032).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Qiaoyan Li & Anfeng Liu

  2. Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China

    Anfeng Liu

  3. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China

    Tian Wang

  4. School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China

    Mande Xie

  5. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, 74464, USA

    Neal N. Xiong

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  1. Qiaoyan Li
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  2. Anfeng Liu
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  3. Tian Wang
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  5. Neal N. Xiong
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Correspondence to Mande Xie.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Networked Cyber-Physical Systems

Guest Editors: Heng Zhang, Mohammed Chadli, Zhiguo Shi, Yanzheng Zhu, and Zhaojian Li

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Li, Q., Liu, A., Wang, T. et al. Pipeline slot based fast rerouting scheme for delay optimization in duty cycle based M2M communications. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 12, 1673–1704 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-019-00753-z

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