Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Traffic modelling in stratospheric drone-assisted VANET

  • Published:
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the first time, the influence of a Stratospheric Drone (SD) on data transmission in Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET) was studied. Data transmission using SD requires reliable and fast two-way communication between the Service Provider (SP) unit, Road Side Unit (RSU), Vehicles and SD. Important questions are: whether existing terrestrial VANET can effectively interact with SD in three-dimensional space under heavy traffic and under what data transmission modes it is possible to provide the necessary Quality of Service (QoS) in VANET. To study these issues, we have developed simple models of communication channels “SP - RSU - Vehicle” and “SP - SD - RSU - Vehicle”. Dependences of the load for the RSU communication link with the vehicle On-Board Unit (OBU) and the transaction Travel Time (TT) on the Transaction Size (TS) are analyzed. Dependences of the RSU - OBU channel load and the TT parameter on the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Packet Fail Chance (PFC) were obtained. The importance and usefulness of such numerical analysis lies in the ability to set traffic parameters and observe the resulting QoS under certain transmission modes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Data availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are included in this article. The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

References

  1. Maria A, Biagi M, Cusani R (2013) Smart vehicles, technologies and main applications in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. Vehicular Technologies - Deployment and Applications. https://doi.org/10.5772/55492

  2. Anwer MS, Guy C (2014) A survey of VANET technologies. J Emerg Trends Comput Inform Sci 5(9):661–671

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cunha F, Villas L, Boukerche A, Maia G, Viana A, Mini RAF, Loureiro AAF (2016) Data communication in VANETs: protocols, applications and challenges. Ad Hoc Netw 44(1):90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.02.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Godse SP, Mahalle PN, Wagh SJ (2017) Rising issues in VANET communication and security: a state of art survey. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 8(9):245–252. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mchergui A, Moulahi T, Alaya B, Nasri S (2017) A survey and comparative study of QoS aware broadcasting techniques in VANET. Telecommunication Syst 66(2):253–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-017-0280-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kelarestaghi KB, Foruhandeh M, Heaslip K, Gerdes R (2019) Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and its access technologies security vulnerabilities and countermeasures. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1903.01541

  7. Yogha KB (2021) A study of V2V communication on VANET: characteristic, challenges and research trends. JISA (Jurnal Informatika Dan Sains) 4(1):46–58. https://doi.org/10.31326/jisa.v4i1.895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Karne RK, Sreeja TK (2021) Review on VANET architecture and applications. Turkish J Comput Math Educ 12(4):1745–1749

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wang X, Fu L, Zhang Y, Gan X, Wang X (2016) VDNet: an infrastructure-less UAV-assisted sparse VANET system with vehicle location prediction. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 16(17):2991–3003. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Seliem H, Ahmed MH, Shahidi R, Shehata MS (2017) Delay analysis for drone-based vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Oubbati OS, Lakas A, Zhou F, Güneş M, Lagraa N, Yagoubi MB (2017) Intelligent UAV-assisted routing protocol for urban VANETs. Comput Commun 107:93–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sedjelmaci H, Messous MA, Senouci SM, Brahmi IH (2018) Toward a lightweight and efficient UAV-aided VANET. Trans Emerg Telecommunications Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ortiz S, Calafate CT, Toh CK, Cano J-C, Manzoni P (2018) An UAV-based content delivery architecture for rural areas and future smart cities. IEEE Internet Comput 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2018.2884277

  14. Xiao L, Lu X, Xu D, Tang Y, Wang L, Zhuang W (2018) UAV relay in VANETs against smart jamming with reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(5):4087–4097. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2789466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Saputro N, Akkaya K, Algin R, Uluagac S (2018) Drone-assisted multi-purpose roadside units for intelligent transportation systems. 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.869097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shi W, Zhou H, Li J, Xu W, Zhang N, Shen X (2018) Drone assisted vehicular networks: Architecture, challenges and opportunities. IEEE Network 32(3):130–137. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2017.1700206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zeng F, Zhang R, Cheng X, Yang L (2018) UAV-assisted data dissemination scheduling in VANETs. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lin N, Fu L, Zhao L, Min G, Al-Dubai A, Gacanin H (2020) A novel multimodal collaborative drone-assisted VANET networking model. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2988363

  19. Krishna M (2020) A survey UAV-assisted VANET routing protocol. Int J Comput Sci Trends Technol 8(4):68–74

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Jobaer S, Zhang Y, Iqbal Hussain MA, Ahmed F (2020) UAV-assisted hybrid scheme for urban road safety based on VANETs. Electronics 9(9):1499–1518. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tariq R, Iqbal Z, Aadil F (2020) IMOC: optimization technique for drone-assisted VANET (DAV) based on moth flame optimization. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8860646

  22. He Y, Zhai D, Wang D, Tang X, Zhang R (2020) A relay selection protocol for UAV-assisted VANETs. Appl Sci 10(23):8762–8778. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahmed GA, Sheltami TR, Mahmoud AS, Imran M, Shoaib M (2021) A novel collaborative IoD-assisted VANET approach for coverage area maximization. IEEE Access 9:61211–61223. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3072431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Raza A, Bukhari SHR, Aadil F, Iqba Z (2021) An UAV-assisted VANET architecture for intelligent transportation system in smart cities. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 17(7):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211031750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Arikumar KS, Kumar AD, Gowtham C, Prathiba SB (2022) A software-defined collaborative communication model for UAV-assisted VANETs. In Dua, M., Jain, A.K., Yadav, A., Kumar, N., Siarry, P. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Conference on Paradigms of Communication, Computing and Data Sciences. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singaporehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5747-4_17

  26. Yan C, Fu L, Zhang J, Wang J (2019) A comprehensive survey on UAV communication channel modeling. IEEE Access 7:107769–107792. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Khuwaja AA, Chen Y, Zhao N, Alouini MS, Dobbins P (2018) A survey of channel modeling for UAV communications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 20(4):2804–2821. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2856587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mozaffari M, Saad W, Bennis M, Nam YH, Debbah M (2019) A tutorial on UAVs for wireless networks: applications, challenges, and open problems. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 21(3):2334–2360. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2902862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Nawaz H, Ali HM, Laghari AA (2020) UAV communication networks issues: a review. Arch Comput Methods Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09418-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Grekhov A, Kondratiuk V, Ilnitska S (2020a) RPAS satellite communication channel based on long-term evolution (LTE) standard. Transp Aerosp Eng 8(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.2478/tae-20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Grekhov A, Kondratiuk V, Ilnitska S (2019) RPAS satellite communication channel based on IEEE 802.11b standard. Transp Aerosp Eng 7(1):32–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/tae-2019-0004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Grekhov A, Kondratiuk V, Ilnitska S (2020b) PAS communication channels based on WCDMA 3GPP standard. Aviation 24(1):42–49. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2020.12166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Grekhov AM (2019) Recent advances in satellite aeronautical communications modeling. IGI Global

  34. Forouzan BA, Fegan SC (2007) Data communications and networking. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-296775-3

  35. Akimaru H, Kawashima K (1999) Teletraffic: Theory and applications. ISBN-10:‎ 1447112245

  36. NetCracker P Tutorial. https://www.netcracker.com/

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Volodymyr Kharchenko and Vasyl Kondratiuk contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Training Center “Aerospace Center”, National Aviation University, Kyiv, 1, Liubomyra Huzara ave, Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine

    Volodymyr Kharchenko, Andrii Grekhov & Vasyl Kondratiuk

Authors
  1. Volodymyr Kharchenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrii Grekhov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vasyl Kondratiuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Volodymyr Kharchenko – V.Kh., Andrii Grekhov – A.G., Vasyl Kondratiuk – V.K.Conceptualization, A.G. and V.Kh.; methodology, A.G.; validation, A.G., V.Kh. and V.K.; investigation, A.G.; resources, V.Kh. and V.K.; writing—original draft preparation, A.G.; writing—review and editing,V.K.; supervision, V.Kh.; project administration, V.K.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrii Grekhov.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kharchenko, V., Grekhov, A. & Kondratiuk, V. Traffic modelling in stratospheric drone-assisted VANET. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 17, 1138–1148 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-024-01631-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-024-01631-z

Keywords