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Sea level in the Mediterranean Sea: seasonal adjustment and trend extraction within the framework of SSA

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Abstract

The sea level change is a crucial indicator of our climate. The spatial sampling offered by satellite altimetry and its continuity during the past years are the major assets to provide an improved vision of the Mediterranean sea level changes. In this paper, an automatic signal extraction approach, based on Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), is utilized for analysis and seasonal adjustment of the Mediterranean Sea level series. This automatic approach enables us to overcome the difficulties of visual identification of trend constituents that sometimes we encounter when using the conventional SSA method. The results indicate that the Mediterranean mean sea level is dominated by several harmonic components. The annual signal is particularly strong and almost covers 73.62 % of the original sea level series variation whiles its amplitude is about 15 cm. The extracted trend also indicates that the Mediterranean main sea level has significantly been raised during the period 1993–2012 by 2.44 ± 0.4 mm yr−1. As an important consequence, considering the current situation, if this trend continues, the Mediterranean Sea level will be raised about 22 cm by the end of this century, which makes a dramatic effect on several issues such as land, flora, fauna, and people activities established along the Mediterranean coastlines.

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Notes

  1. TOPEX. Ocean TOPography Experiment

  2. NASA. National Aeronautics and Space Administration - USA

  3. Available at http://www.pdmi.ras.ru/~theo/autossa

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Dr. Theodore Alexandrov for providing the AutoSSA computer program. We also thank the Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research of the University of Colorado—Boulder for providing the Mediterranean Sea level time series. We are enormously grateful to the reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that led us to improve our manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Space Geodesy, Centre of Space Techniques, 1, Avenue de Palestine. BP 13, Arzew, Oran, Algeria

    Mahdi Haddad & Habib Taibi

  2. Bournemouth University, 89 Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB, UK

    Hossein Hassani

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  1. Mahdi Haddad
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Correspondence to Mahdi Haddad.

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Communicated by: Hassan Babaie

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Haddad, M., Hassani, H. & Taibi, H. Sea level in the Mediterranean Sea: seasonal adjustment and trend extraction within the framework of SSA. Earth Sci Inform 6, 99–111 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-013-0114-6

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