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A comparison of data-driven methods in prediction of weather patterns in central Croatia

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Abstract

The prediction of future weather patterns has recently become a very important research area due to the ongoing climate change process which causes extreme weather events and rapidly changing weather patterns. In this paper we compare the prediction accuracy of eight data-driven methods, which had been developed for time series prediction, on future weather patterns in central Croatia. The evaluated methods are Seasonal naïve, AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Error-Trend-Seasonality (ETS), Exponential smoothing state space model with Box-Cox transformation (TBATS), Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR), Neural Network AutoRegression (NNAR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In our experimental evaluation, we use a historical data from 1961 to 2017 that contains temperature, air pressure and precipitation values for eight weather stations in central Croatia, and indices from two atmospheric oscillations, namely North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). The results of our evaluation show that SVR is the best method, and that DHR and NNAR methods are also better than the other evaluated methods, as far as the accuracy of prediction is concerned. Among DHR and NNAR methods, DHR method is better for the prediction of temperature and air pressure, while NNAR method is better for the prediction of precipitation. Additionally, our evaluation shows that SVR, DHR and NNAR methods achieve a better prediction accuracy when oscillation indices are included as additional predictors.

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Availability of data

Publicly available datasets of daily AO and NAO indices were used in this study. This data can be found in a public repository of the National Weather Service – Climate Prediction Center. The data from eight analyzed weather stations in Croatia that we used in this study are available upon request from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. The data are not publicly available due to business policy, but is available free of charge for scientific and research purposes.

Notes

  1. https://meteo.hr/proizvodi_e.php?param=services

  2. ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/cwlinks

  3. https://www.r-project.org/about.html

  4. https://www.rstudio.com/

  5. https://keras.rstudio.com/

  6. https://www.tensorflow.org/

  7. A stationary time series is one whose statistical properties do not depend on the time at which the series is observed.

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Funding

This research has been supported in part by the European Regional Development Fund under the grant KK.01.1.1.01.0009 (DATACROSS), which includes the salary of a PhD student and reimbursement for attending scientific conferences. This work has been supported in part by Croatian Science Foundation under the project UIP-2017-05-9066, which includes the salary of a PhD student, cost of equipment on which our experiments are performed and reimbursement for attending scientific conferences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Unska 3, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Damjan Katušić & Krešimir Pripužić

  2. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19/II, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Mladen Maradin

  3. Innovation Centre Nikola Tesla, Unska 3, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Mirjana Pripužić

Authors
  1. Damjan Katušić
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  2. Krešimir Pripužić
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  3. Mladen Maradin
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  4. Mirjana Pripužić
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Contributions

Conceptualization, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; methodology, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; software, D.K. and K.P.; validation, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; formal analysis, D.K., K.P. and M.M.; investigation, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; resources, K.P. and M.M.; data curation, D.K.; writing—original draft preparation, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; writing—review and editing, D.K., K.P., M.M. and M.P.; visualization, D.K.; supervision, K.P. and M.M.; project administration, K.P.; funding acquisition, K.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Krešimir Pripužić.

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Communicated by: H. Babaie

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Katušić, D., Pripužić, K., Maradin, M. et al. A comparison of data-driven methods in prediction of weather patterns in central Croatia. Earth Sci Inform 15, 1249–1265 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00792-w

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