Abstract
Map fracture network analysis study using Landsat 8 image data accompanied with ground data was carried out in Nadhour Sisseb- El Amen Basin applying the concepts spatial statistics. Various image enhancement techniques were applied to retrieve structural lineaments which are possible fractures. This was verified with ground geological mapping. The rose diagrams show four peaks, in frequency and in length, corresponding to four directional families N40°-45°, N85°-90°, N130°-135° and N175°-180°. The resulted lineament map represents the main directional faults and fractures that could be recognized in field, with some amplification in frequency and length. The fractures induce the communication between aquifer layers and improve the rainwater infiltration rate. The N110°-N130° directional family, identified from satellite image and in outcrop has partially control groundwater flow in the aquifer systems. A proposed 3D conceptual model highlights the main types of fractures and their contribution in the hydrodynamic functioning in the deep aquifers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah A, Akhir JM, Abdullah I (2009) A comparison of landsat TM and SPOT data for lineament mapping in hululepar area, Pahang. Malaysia Eur J Sci Res 34(3):406–415
Abdullah A, Akhir JM, Abdullah I (2010a) Automatic Mapping of Lineaments Using Shaded Relief Images Derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEMs) in the Maran-Sungai Lembing Area, Malaysia. Electron J Geotech Eng 15:949–957
Abdullah A, Akhir JM, Abdullah I (2010b) The Extraction of Lineaments Using Slope Image Derived from Digital Elevation Model: Case Study: Sungai Lembing - Maran Area, Malaysia. J Appl Sci Res 6:1745–1751
Abdullah A, Nasser S, Ghaleeb A (2013) Landsat ETM-7 for Lineament Mapping Using Automatic Extraction Technique in the SW Part Taiz Area, Yemen. Glob J Hum Soc Sci B 8:35–38
Alexandrov VV, Gorsky ND (1993) Image representation and processing: a recursive approach. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Boston London. vol, Mathematics and Its Applications, p 261
Allou G, Ouattara G, Coulibaly Y, Bonin B (2015) The Landsat 7 ETM remote sensing imagery for lithological and structural mapping in the central Cote d’Ivoire (West Africa): case of Dabakala area. Euro Sci J 36(11):141–163
Bajanik S, Biely A, Salaj J, El Batti D (1978) Notice explicative, Enfidha Ville. Carte géologique de la Tunisie, échelle 1/50000 feuille n°43, 46 p
Bédir M (1995) Mécanismes géodynamiques des bassins associés aux couloirs de coulissements de la marge atlasique de la Tunisie, seismo-stratigraphie, seismotectonique et implications pétrolières. Unpublished thesis ès Sciences, Université de Tunis II (Tunisia), 412 p
Belkhiria W, Boussiga H, Inoubli MH (2017) Thick-skinned tectonics within the intracontinental easternmost Atlas foreland-and-thrust belt (Tunisia): Meso-Cenozoic kinematics and implications for regional geodynamics. Tectonics 36:981–1004. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004340
Ben Ayed N (1993) Evolution tectonique de l’Avant-pays de la chaîne alpine de Tunisie du début du Mésozoïque à l’Actuel. Ann Min Géol (Tunisie) 32:296
Berger J, Camerlo J, Fahy JC, Haubert M (1980) Etude des ressources en eaux souterraines dans une région de socle cristallin: “la Boucle de cacao” en Côte d’ivoire. Bull BRGM Sér II Sect III 4:335–338
Blès JL, Feuga B (1981) La fracturation des roches, Manuels et méthodes - Bureau de recherché géologiques et minières, ISSN 0245–9345. BRGM, Orléans, France, 123 pp.
Bodin J, Razack M (1999) L’analyse d’images appliquee au traitement automatique de champs de fractures Propriétés géométriques et lois d’échelle. Bull Soc Géol France 170(4):579–593
Bow S-T (2002) Pattern Recognition and Image Pre-processing, second Edition, 698 pp. ISBN 0-8247-0659-5, Marcel Decker Inc., New York
Caire A (1970) Tectonique de la Méditerranée centrale. Ann Soc Géol Du Nord XC 90:307–346
Castany G (1948) Les fossés d’effondrement de Tunisie. Annales des Mines et de la Géologie de Tunisie No. 3, 126 pp
Colwell R (1983) Manual of remote sensing no 1 and 2. American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Falls Church, p 2440
Deslandes S, Gwyn QHJ (1991) Évaluation de SPOT et SEASAT pour la cartographie des linéaments : comparaison basée sur l’analyse de spectres de Fourier. J Can Télédétection 17(2):98–110
Efford N (2000) Digital Image Processing. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp 164–173
El Hadani D (1992) Application de la télédétection à la prospection hydrogéologique en milieux fissurés. In: Géo Observateur, Actes du Symposium MARISY'92, Rabat, Maroc, Octobre 7–9, pp. 99–112
Frizon de Lamotte D, Leturmy P, Missenard Y, Khomsi S, Ruiz G, Saddiqi O, Guillocheau F, Michard A (2009) Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertical movements in the Atlas system (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia): an overview. Tectonophysics 475:9–28
Gabrielsen RH, Braathen A (2014) Models of fracture lineaments - joint swarms, fracture corridors and faults in crystalline rocks, and their genetic relations. Tectonophysics 628:26–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.04.022
Gabtni H (2005) Apport de la gravimétrie à l’étude des structures profondes du Sahel de Tunisie (cas de la région de Kairouan–Sousse–Monastir). CR Geosci 337:1409–1414
Gannouni S, Gabtni H (2015) Structural Interpretation of Lineaments by Satellite Image Processing (Landsat TM) in the Region of Zahret Medien (Northern Tunisia). J Geogr Inf Syst 7:119–127
Gillespie AR (1976) Directional fabric introduced by digital filtring of image. Proceedings of the second international conference on tectonics, Delaware, pp. 500–507
Goldstein A, Marshak S (1988) Analysis of fracture array geometry. In: Marshak S, and Mitra G, (eds.), Basic Methods of Structural Geology, 249–267
Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2002) Digital Image Processing, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River
Gudmundsson A (2011) Rock Fractures in Geological Processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (ISBN 978-0-521-86392-6)
Guidara A, Jallouli C, Ben Mammou A, Turki MM (2010) Apport de la gravimétrie à l’étude de la structure du bassin de Nadhour-Saouaf-Sisseb-El Alem (Centre de la Tunisie). Geo-Eco-Trop 34:93–96
Guiraud R, Maurin JC (1992) Early Cretaceous Rifts of Western and Central Africa an overview. In: Ziegler PA (Ed) Geodynamics of Rifting. Tectonophysics 213: 227–234
Guiraud R, Bosworth W, Thierry J, Delplanque A (2005) Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa: an overview. J Afr Earth Sci 43:83–143
Gustafsson P (1994) SPOT satellite data for exploration of fractured aquifers in a semi-arid area in southeastern Botswana. Appl Hydrogeol 2(2):9–18
Hammami S, Zouhri L, Souissi D, Souei A, Zghibi A, Marzougui A, Dlala M (2019) Application of the GIS based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the flood susceptibility mapping (Tunisia). Arab J Geosci 12:653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4754-9
Hamza M (1992) Géologie du bassin sédimentaire de Sisseb-El Alem, Tunis. Ministère de l’agriculture, 62 pp
Hermann NBV, Bachir SM, Solèye W, Valère DE, Fernand K, Kouadio A (2015) Extraction par télédétection et analyse statistique du réseau de fractures, en milieu de socle, dans le département de Sinfra (Centre-Ouest de la Cote d’Ivoire). Int J Innov Sci Res 13(1):225–238
Hezzi I, Aïfa T, Khemiri F, Ghanmi M (2015) Seismic and well log post-Cretaceous reservoir correlations in the Sahel, east Tunisia. Arab J Geosci 8(11):10031–10063
Houatmia F, Khomsi S, Bedir M (2015) Oligo-Miocene reservoir sequence characterization and structuring in the Sisseb El Alem-Kalaa Kebira Regions (Northeastern Tunisia). J Afr Earth Sc 111:434–450
Hung LQ, Batelaan O, Smedt F (2005) Lineament extraction and analysis, comparison of LANDSAT ETM and ASTER imagery. Case study: Suoimuoi tropical karst catchment, Vietnam, SPIE proceedings, pp. 59–83
Kacem A, Daoud A, Zouari K (2008) Le bassin de Sisseb El Alem (Kairouanais, Tunisie centrale): importance, caractéristiques des aquifères et éléments pour une meilleure gestion. Sécheresse 19(1):55–60
Khomsi S, Bédir M, Ben Jemia G, Zouari H (2004) Mise en évidence d’un nouveau front de chevauchement dans l’Atlas tunisien oriental de Tunisie par sismique réflexion Contexte structural régional et rôle du Trias salifère. CR Geosci 336(15):1401–1408
Khomsi S, Bédir M, Ben Jemia MG, Zouari H (2004b) Mise en évidence et analyse d’une structure atlasique ennoyée au front de la chaine alpine tunisienne. CR Geosci 336:1293–1300
Koita M, Jourde H, Ruelland D, Koffi K, Pistre S, Savane I (2010) Cartographie des accidents régionaux et identification de leur rôle dans l’hydrodynamique souterraine en zone de socle Cas de la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou (Côte d’Ivoire). Hydrol Sci J 55(5):805–820
Koike K, Nagano S, Ohmi M (1995) Lineament analysis of satellite images using a Segment Tracing Algorithm (STA). Comput Geosci 21(9):1091–1104
Koike K, Nagano S, Kawabata K (1998) Construction and analysis of interpreted fracture planes through combination of satellite-derived lineaments and digital elevation model data. Comput Geosci 24(6):573–583
Kouamé KF, Gioan P, Biémi J, Affian K (1999) Méthode de cartographie des discontinuités images satellitales : Exemple de la région semi-montagneuse à l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Télédétection 2:139–156
Kouamé KF, Akaffou AG, Lasm T, De Dreuzy JR, Davy P, Bour O (2005) Simulation des écoulements dans les réservoirs fracturés: application au socle Archéen de Touba (Nord Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire). Actes du Colloque Internationale SITIS 05, Yaoundé (Cameroun), 27 Nov.-1er Déc. 2005, pp. 39–46
Koudou, A., Kouame, K.F., Youan, T.A.M., Saley, M.B., Jourda, J.P., Biemi, J. (2010). Contribution des donnees ETM+ de Landsat, de l’Analyse Multicritere et d’un SIG a l’identification de secteurs a potentialite aquifere en zone de socle du bassin versant du N’zi (Cote d’Ivoire). Photo-Interpretation, European Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 46 (3,4), 98–115.
Koudou A, Assoma TV, Adiaffi B, Youan TAM, Kouame KF, Lasm T (2014) Analyses Statistique et Geostatistique de la Fracturation Extraite de l’imagerie Asar Envisat du sud-est de la Cote d’ivoire. Larhyss Journal, No 20:147–166
Lachassagne P, Marechal JC, Ahmed SH, Dewandel B, Gandolfi JM, Krishnamurthy NS, Subrahmanyam K, Wyns R (2005) Nouveaux outils et méthodes pour gérer et protéger la ressource en eau souterraine des régions de socle. Hydrosciences 25:53–57
La Pointe PR, Hudson JA (1985) Characterisation and interpretation of rock mass joint patterns. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Special Papers, Issue, p 199
Mallast U, Gloaguen R, Geyer S, Rodiger T, Siebert C (2011) Derivation of groundwater flow-paths based on semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remotesensing data. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15:2665–2678. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2665-2011
Masoud A, Koike K (2006) Tectonic architecture through Landsat-7 ETM+/SRTM DEM-derived lineaments and relationship to the hydrogeo logic setting in Siwa region, NW Egypt. J Afr Earth Sc 45:467–477
Masoud A, Koike K (2009) Use of Bézier and B-spline curves for smart representation of lineaments auto-detected from DEM. Proceedings of the International Association of Mathematical Geology (IAMG09), Stanford University, CA, USA
Masoud AA, Koike K (2011) Morphotectonics inferred from the analysis of topographic lineaments auto-detected from DEMs: application and validation for the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt Tectonophys 510:291–308
Masoud A, Koike K (2017) Applicability of computer-aided comprehensive tool (LINDA: LINeament Detection and Analysis) and shaded digital elevation model for characterizing and interpreting morphotectonic features from lineam. Comput Geosci 106:89–100
Mencik E, Stranik Z, Solaj J (1978) Notice explicative de la feuille du J. Fkirine au 1/50000. Edition service Géologique Tunisie, 62 pp
Ndong FB, Ntomba SM, Messi EJ, Okia D, Mvondo JO (2014) Definition structural des lineaments par traitement d’image satellitaire: cas du massif de Ngovayang (Sud Cameroun). Afrique Science 10(3):107–112
Oberg M (1992) Satellite image enhancement techniques for hydrogeological mapping. Hydrogéologie no.1/2, 89–91
O’Leary DW, Friedman JD, Pohn HA (1976) Lineament, linear, lineation: Some proposed new standards for old terms. Geol Soc Am Bull 87:1463–1469
Park RG (2005) Foundation of Structural Geology (reprint of the 1997 Chapman and Hall edition) Routledge, Abingdon, England, 9, ISBN 978-0-7487-5802-9
Piqué A, Ait Brahim L, Ait Ouali R, Amrhar M, Charroud M, Gourmelen C, Laville E, Rekhiss F, Tricart P (1998) Evolution structurale des domaines atlasiques du Maghreb au Méso-Cénozoique; le rôle des structures héritées dans la déformation du domaine atlasique de l’Afrique du Nord. Bull Soc Géol France 6(169):797–810
Rabhi M, Maamri R, Taamalah N (2002) Notice explicative de la carte géologique de la Tunisie à 1/50000 Sidi Bou Ali et Halek El Menzel, feuilles n°49 et 50, 70 pp
Radaideh OMA, Grasemann B, Melichar R, Mosar J (2016) Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan. Geomorphology 275:58–79
Rahnama M, Gloaguen R (2014) TecLines: A MATLAB-Based Toolbox for Tectonic Lineament Analysis from Satellite Images and DEMs, Part 2: Line Segments Linking and Merging. Remote Sens 6:11468–11493. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111468
Ramsay JG, Huber MI (1987) The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology (2), Folds and Fractures XI, 391 pp
Razack M (1982) A propos de la loi de distribution des fractures: intérêt pour l’hydrogeologie des aquiferes de fissures. CR Acad Sci Paris Sér II 294:1295–1297
Redhaounia B, Aktarakçi H, Ilondo BO, Gabtni H, Khomsi S, Bédir M (2015) Hydro-geophysical interpretation of fractured and karstified limestones reservoirs: A case study from Amdoun region (NW Tunisia) using electrical resistivity tomography, digital elevation model (DEM) and hydro-geochemical approaches. J Afr Earth Sc 112:328–338
Saadi J (1990) Exemple de sédimentation syntectonique au Crétacé inférieur le long d’une zone de décrochement NS Les structures d’Enfidha (Tunisie nord-orientale). Géodynamique 5(1):17–33
Sanai L, Chenini I, Ben Mammou A, Mercier E (2014) Fracture related-fold patterns analysis and hydrogeological implications: Insight from fault-propagation fold in Northwestern of Tunisia. J Afr Earth Sc 101:375–382
Sander P, Minor TB, Chesley MM (1997) Ground-water exploration based on lineament analysis and reproducibility tests. Groundwater 35(5):888–894
Savané I, Benié GB, Hugh-Gwyn JQ, Biémi J (1993) Application de la télédétection à la recherche des eaux souterraines en milieu cristallin cas d’Odienné, Côte d’Ivoireˮ. Télédétection des ressources en eau. Actes Journées Scientifiques, Tunis, pp. 111–120
Seidman JB (1972) Some practical applications of digital filtering in image processing: Proceedings in image processing. Proceedings of the computer image and recognition symposium, University of Missouri, 1–12
Shapiro, Linda G, Stockman, George C (2002) Computer Vision. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-030796-3
Šilhavý J, Minár J, Mentlík P, Sládek J (2016) A new artefacts resistant method for automatic lineament extraction using Multi-Hillshade Hierarchic Clustering (MHHC). Comput Geosci 92:9–20
Sorokoby MV, Saley MB, Kouamé FK, Djagoua EV, Bernie RM, Affian K, Biémi J (2011) Utilisation des images Landsat ETM+ et du SIRS pour la cartographie linéamentaire et thématique de Soubre-Meagui. Revue Télédétection 9(3–4):209–223
Souei A (2012) Caractérisation géophysique et hydrogéologique des systèmes aquifères du bassin de Sisseb-El Alem. Unpublished master on geology, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie, Tunisie Centro-Orientale, p 132
Souei A (2019) Apport de la géophysique, de la télédétection, des SIG, et de l’hydrochimie à l’étude hydrologique et hydrogéologique des systèmes aquifères du bassin de Nadhour-Sisseb-El Alem; Tunisie centro-orientale. Thèse de Doctorat En Science Géol, Université de Tunis El Manar II, Tunisie, p 333
Souei A (2022) Contribution of hydrochemical tools for understanding the impact of surface water management on groundwater. Arab J Geosci 15:1218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10446-2
Souei A, Zouaghi T (2017) Utilisation du SIG pour la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau dans la région de Tunisie Centro-oriental: Kairouan Nord. Rev Régions Arides 41(1):265–268
Souei A, Zouaghi T (2018) 2D seismic reflection contribution to structural and geometric study of Cenozoic aquifer systems in the Sisseb El-Alem basin, central-eastern Tunisia. Arab J Geosci 11:689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4036-y
Souei A, Zouaghi T (2021) Using statistical models and GIS to delimit the groundwater recharge potential areas and to estimate the infltration rate: a case study of Nadhour-Sisseb-El Alem Basin. Tunisia J Arid Land 13(11):1122–1141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-021-0092-3
Souei A, Atawa M, Zouaghi T (2018) Hydrogeological framework and geometry modeling via joint gravity and borehole parameters, the Nadhour-Sisseb-El Alem basin (central-eastern Tunisia). J Afr Earth Sci 139:133–164
Souei A, Atawa M, Zouaghi T (2021) 3D seismic velocities modeling and its application in the appreciation of the complex deep framework; the Sisseb-El Alem basin, central-eastern Tunisia. Arab J Geosci 14:2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08300-y
Souei A, Hamzaoui-Azaza F, Zouaghi T, Oueslati C (2021b) Integrated hydrochemistry and statistical methods to investigate groundwater origin and salinization process in arid regions (central-eastern Tunisia). Preprint Res Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs276349/v1
Süzen ML, Toprak V (1998) Filtering of Satellite Images in Geological Lineament Analyses: An Application to a Fault Zone in Central Turkey. Int J Remote Sens 19(6):1101–1114
Turki MM (1988) Polycinématique et contrôle sédimentaire associé sur la cicatrice Zaghouan-Nebhana. Revue des Sciences de la Terre, Institut National de Recherche Scientifique et Technique (Tunisie), 252 pp
Turki MM, Saadi M, Turki-Zaghabib D, Rami A (2002) Notice explicative des les feuille de Djebibina et Ain Jelloula au 1/50000. Service Géologique Tunisie, 54p
Umbaugh SE (1998) Computer Vision and Image Processing: A Practical Approach using CVIPtools. Prentice-Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River
Yaich C (1992) Dynamic des faciès détritiques oligo-miocènes de Tunisie. J Afr Earth Sc 15(1):35–47
Yaich C, Ben Ismail-Lattrache K, Turki-Zaghbib D, Turki MM (1994) Interprétation séquentielle de l’Oligo-Miocène (Tunisie central et nord orientale). Sci Géol Bull 47:27–49
Yao TK, Fouché-Grobla O, Oga S, Assoma V (2012) Extraction de linéaments structuraux à partir d’images satellitaires, et estimation des biais induits, en milieu de socle précambrien métamorphisé. Rev Télédétection 10(4):161–178
Yeomans CM, Middleton M, Shail RK, Grebby S, Lusty PAJ (2018) Integrated Object-Based Image Analysis for semi-automated geological lineament detection in Southwest England. Comput Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2018.11.005
Yokoyama R, Shlrasawa M, Pike RJ (2002) Visualizing Topography by Openness: A New Application of Image Processing to Digital Elevation Models Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing Vol. 68, No. 3, March 2002, pp. 257–265
Youan TM, Lasm T, Jourda JP, Kouamé KF, Razack M (2008) Cartographie des accidents géologiques par imagerie satellitaire landsat-7 ETM+ et analyse des réseaux de fractures du socle précambrien de la région de Bondoukou (Nord-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire). Rev Télédétection 8(2):119–135
Zouaghi T, Bédir M, Melki F, Gabtni H, Gharsalli R, Bessioud A, Zargouni F (2011) Neogene sediment deformations and tectonic features of northeastern Tunisia: evidence for paleoseismicity. Arab J Geosci 4:1301–1314
Zouaghi T, Bédir M, Ayed-Khaled A, Lazzez M, Soua M, Amri A, Inoubli MH (2013) Autochthonous versus allochthonous Upper Triassic evaporates in the Sbiba graben, central Tunisia. J Struct Geol 52:163–182
Zouaghi T, Harbi H (2022) Airborne geophysics and remote sensing of an Nimas-Khadra area, southern Arabian shield: New insights into structural framework and mineral occurrences. Adv Space Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.046
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The material, data collection, field data, analysis and first draft of the manuscript were done by SA. ZT analyzed and interpreted the lineament density map and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. KS prepared the acquisition and processing of image data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Communicated by: H. Babaie
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Souei, A., Zouaghi, T. & Khemiri, S. Lineament characterization for groundwater targeting using satellite images and field data. Earth Sci Inform 16, 455–479 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00888-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00888-3