Abstract
Supply chain management must adopt different and more innovative strategies that support a better response to customer needs in an uncertain environment. Supply chains must be more agile and be more capable of coping with disturbances, meaning that supply chains must be more resilient. The simultaneous deployment of agile and resilient approaches will enhance supply chain performance and competitiveness. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for the analysis of relationships between agile and resilient approaches, supply chain competitiveness and performance. Operational and economic performance measures are proposed to facilitate the monitoring of the influence of these practices on supply chain performance. The influence of the proposed agile and resilient practices on supply chain competitiveness is also examined in terms of time to market, product quality and customer service.


Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pfohl H, Köhler H, Thomas D (2010) State of the art in supply chain risk management research: empirical and conceptual findings and a roadmap for the implementation in practice. Logist Res 2:33–44
Christopher M (2005) Logistics and supply chain management: creating value-added networks. Pearson Educ
Sheffi Y, Rice JB (2005) A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise. Sloan Manage Rev 47(1):41–48
Naylor BJ, Naim MM, Berry D (1999) Leagility: integrating the lean and agile manufacturing approaches in the total supply chain. Int J Prod Econ 62(1–2):107–118
Christopher M, Towill D (2001) An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manage 31(4):235–246
Christopher M, Towill D (2000) Supply chain migration from lean and functional to agile and customized. Supply Chain Manage 5:206–213
Hendricks KB, Singhal VR (2009) An empirical analysis of the effect of supply chain disruptions on long-run stock price performance and equity risk of the firm. Prod Oper Manage 14(1):35–52
Azevedo SG, Machado VH, Barroso AP, Cruz-Machado V (2008) Supply chain vulnerability: environment changes and dependencies. Int J Logist Transp 1:41–55
Morgan C (2007) Supply network performance measurement: future challenges? Int J Logist Manage 8(2):255–273
Agarwal A, Shankar R, Tiwari M (2007) Modeling agility of supply chain. Ind Mark Manage 36(4):443–457
Christopher M (2000) The agile supply chain: competing in volatile markets. Ind Mark Manage 29(1):37–44
Baramichai M Jr, Zimmers EW, Marangos CA (2007) Agile supply chain transformation matrix: an integrated tool for creating an agile enterprise. Supply Chain Manage Int J 12(5):334–348
Goldsby TJ, Griffis SE, Roath AS (2006) Modeling lean, agile, and leagile supply chain strategies. J Bus Logist 27(1):57–80
Lin C, Chiu H, Chu P (2006) Agility index in the supply chain. Int J Prod Econ 100(2):285–299
Swafford PM, Ghosh S, Murthy N (2008) Achieving supply chain agility through IT integration and flexibility. Int J Prod Econ 116(2):288–297
Haimes YY (2006) On the definition of vulnerabilities in measuring risks to infrastructures. Risk Anal 26(2):293–296
Rice JB, Caniato F (2003) Building a secure and resilient supply network. Supply Chain Manage Rev 7:22–30
Hansson SO, Helgesson G (2003) What is stability? Synthese 136(2):219–235
Tang CS (2006) Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions. Int J Logist Res Appl Leading J Supply Chain Manage 9(1):33
Christopher M, Peck H (2004) Building the resilient supply chain. Int J Logist Manage 15(2):1–14
Iakovou E, Vlachos D, Xanthopoulos A (2007) An analytical methodological framework for the optimal design of resilient supply chains. Int J Logist Econ Globalisation 1(1):1–20
Christopher M (2004) Creating resilient supply chains. Advantage 11:18–19
Vonderembse MA, Uppal M, Huang SH, Dismukes JP (2006) Designing supply chains: towards theory development. Int J Prod Econ 100(2):223–238
Gligor DM, Holcomb MC (2010) The role of logistics capabilities in achieving supply chain agility. Presented at the council of supply chain management professionals educators’ conference, San Diego, USA
Jain V, Benyoucef L, Deshmukh SG (2008) A new approach for evaluating agility in supply chains using Fuzzy Association Rules Mining. Eng Appl Artif Intell 21(3):367–385
Jüttner U, Maklan S (2011) Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: an empirical study. Supply Chain Manage Int J 16(4):246–259
Agarwal A, Shankar R, Tiwari MK (2006) Modeling the metrics of lean, agile and leagile supply chain: an ANP-based approach. Eur J Oper Res 173(1):211–225
Christopher M, Rutherford C (2004) Creating supply chain resilience through agile six sigma. Critical Eye 24–28
Wong WP (2009) Performance evaluation of supply chain in stochastic environment: using a simulation based DEA framework. Int J Bus Perform Supply Chain Model 1:203–228
Beamon BM (1999) Measuring supply chain performance. Int J Oper Prod Manage 19(3):275–292
Gunasekaran A, Patel C, Tirtiroglu E (2001) Performance measures and metrics in a supply chain environment. Int J Oper Prod Manage 21(1/2):71–78
Cagnazzo L, Taticchi P, Brun A (2010) The role of performance measurement systems to support quality improvement initiatives at supply chain level. Int J Prod Perform Manage 59(2):163–185
Yang C, Su Y (2009) The relationship between benefits of ERP systems implementation and its impacts on firm performance of SCM. J Enterp Inform Manage 22(6):722–752
Keebler JS, Plank RE (2009) Logistics performance measurement in the supply chain: a benchmark. Benchmarking Int J 6(6):785–798
Holmberg S (2000) A systems perspective on supply chain measurements. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manage 30(10):847–868
Hoek RIV (2001) The contribution of performance measurement to the expansion of third party logistics alliances in the supply chain. Int J Oper Prod Manage 21(1/2):15–29
Chan FT, Qi H (2003) An innovative performance measurement method for supply chain management. Supply Chain Manage Int J 8:209–223
Lambert D, Pohlen TL (2001) Supply chain metrics. Int J Logist Manage 12(1):1–19
Kumar M, Vrat P, Shankar R (2006) A fuzzy programming approach for vendor selection problem in a supply chain. Int J Prod Econ 101(2):273–285
Wang G, Huang SH, Dismukes JP (2004) Product-driven supply chain selection using integrated multi-criteria decision-making methodology. Int J Prod Econ 91(1):1–15
Soni G, Kodali R (2009) Performance value analysis for the justification of the leagile supply chain. Int J Bus Perform Manage 11(1/2):96–133
Martin PR, Patterson JW (2009) On measuring company performance within a supply chain. Int J Prod Res 47(9):2449–2460
Cai J, Liu X, Xiao Z, Liu J (2009) Improving supply chain performance management: a systematic approach to analyzing iterative KPI accomplishment. Decis Support Syst 46(2):512–521
Harrison A, Skipworth H (2008) Implications of form postponement to manufacturing: a cross case comparison. Int J Prod Res 46(1):173–195
Brewer PC, Speh TW (2000) Using the balanced scorecard to measure supply chain performance. J Bus Logist 21(1):75–93
Pohlen TL, Coleman BJ (2005) Evaluating internal operations and supply chain performance using EVA and ABC. SAM Adv Manage J 70(2):45–58
Hutchison P, Farris MT (2009) Fleischman GM. Supply chain cash-to-cash: a strategy for the 21st century. Strategic Finance 91(1):41–48
Jiang B, Frazier GV, Prater EL (2006) Outsourcing effects on firms’ operational performance: an empirical study. Int J Oper Prod Manage 26(12):1280–1300
Lambert DM, Stock JR, Ellram LM (1998) Fundamentals of logistics. International edition. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, USA
Martínez-Olvera C, Shunk D (2006) Comprehensive framework for the development of a supply chain strategy. Int J Prod Res 44(21):4511–4528
Narasimhan R, Kim SW, Tan KC (2008) An empirical investigation of supply chain strategy typologies and relationships to performance. Int J Prod Res 46(18):5231–5259
Martín-Peña ML, Díaz-Garrido E (2008) Typologies and taxonomies of operations strategy: a literature review. Manage Res News 31(3):200–218
Chandler A (1962) Strategy and structure. MIT Press, Cambridge
Ansoff H (1965) Corporate strategy, 1st edn. McGraw-Hill Inc., USA
Andrews KR (1987) The concept of corporate strategy, 3rd edn. Richard D. Irwin
Thorelli HB (1977) Strategy + structure = performance: the strategic planning imperative. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
Varadarajan R, Clark T (1994) Delineating the scope of corporate, business, and marketing strategy. J Bus Res 31(2–3):93–105
Skinner W (1960) Manufacturing: missing link in corporate strategy. Harv Bus Rev 47(3):136–145
Krajewski L, Ritzman L (2004) Operations management: strategy and analysis, 7th edn. Prentice Hall, NJ
Schnetzler MJ, Sennheiser A, Schönsleben P (2007) A decomposition-based approach for the development of a supply chain strategy. Int J Prod Econ 105(1):21–42
Hofmann E (2009) Linking corporate strategy and supply chain management. In: Proceedings of the 21st annual NOFOMA conference, pp 382–401
Boyer KK, Lewis MW (2009) Competitive priorities: investigating the need for trade-offs in operations strategy. Prod Oper Manage 11(1):9–20
Mckone-Sweet K, Lee Y (2009) Development and analysis of a supply chain strategy taxonomy. J Supply Chain Manage 45(3):3–24
Ulusoy G (2003) An assessment of supply chain and innovation management practices in the manufacturing industries in Turkey. Int J Prod Econ 86(3):251–270
Vachon S, Halley A, Beaulieu M (2009) Aligning competitive priorities in the supply chain: the role of interactions with suppliers. Int J Oper Prod Manage 29(4):322–340
Schoenherr T, Tummala V (2008) Best practices for the implementation of Supply Chain Management initiatives. Int J Logist Syst Manage 4:391–410
Li S, Rao SS, Ragu-Nathan T, Ragu-Nathan B (2005) Development and validation of a measurement instrument for studying supply chain management practices. J Oper Manage 23(6):618–641
Sanchez AM, Perez MP (2004) The impact of EDI adoption on customer service in the automotive supply chain. Int J Autom Technol Manage 4(4):336–353
Sila I, Ebrahimpour M, Birkholz C (2006) Quality in supply chains: an empirical analysis. Supply Chain Manage Int J 11(6):491–502
Zhu Y, You J, Alard R, Schönsleben P (2009) Design quality: a key to improve product quality in international production network. Prod Planning Cont Manage Oper 20(2):168–177
Ma H (2000) Competitive advantage and firm performance. Competitiveness Rev 10(2):16–17
Franco-Santos M, Kennerley M, Micheli P, Martinez V, Mason S, Marr B, Gray D, Neely A (2007) Towards a definition of a business performance measurement system. Int J Oper Prod Manage 27(8):784–801
Barney JB (2007) Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage, 3rd edn. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River
Lee HL (2004) The triple-A supply chain. Harv Bus Rev 85(10):102–112
Swafford PM, Ghosh S, Murthy N (2006) The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: scale development and model testing. J Oper Manage 24(2):170–188
Gunasekaran A, Ngai EWT (2004) Information systems in supply chain integration and management. Eur J Oper Res 159(2):269–295
Christian I, Ismail H, Mooney J, Snowden S, Toward M, Zhang D (2001) Agile manufacturing transition strategies. In: Hvolby H (ed) Proceedings of the 4th SMESME international conference. Department of Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, pp 69–77
Vargo J, Seville E (2010) Resilient Organizations: trying to thrive when you are struggling to survive. In: 4th annual business continuity summit 2010 resilience over uncertainty, 24–25th March 2010, Sydney, Australia
Pettit TJ, Fiksel J, Croxton KL (2010) Ensuring supply chain resilience: development of a conceptual framework. J Bus Logist 31(1):1–21
Meredith J (1993) Theory building through conceptual methods. Int J Oper Prod Manage 13(5):3–11
Hausman WH (2005) Supply chain performance metrics. In: The practice of supply chain management: where theory and application converge. Springer
Agrawal V, Muhammed S, Thatte AA (2008) Effect of information sharing and supplier network responsiveness on time-to-market capability of a firm. Rev Bus Res 8(2):118–131
Boon-itt S (2009) The effect of internal and external supply chain integration on product quality and innovation: evidence from Thai automotive industry. Int J Integrated Supply Manage 5(2):97–112
Ghausi N (2002) Trends in outsourced manufacturing—reducing risk and maintaining flexibility when moving to an outsourced model. Assembly Autom 22(1):21–25
Christopher M, Lowson R, Peck H (2004) Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. Int J Retail Distrib Manage 32(8):367–376
Mileham AR, Culley SJ, Owen GW, McIntosh RI (1999) Rapid changeover—a pre-requisite for responsive manufacture. Int J Oper Prod Manage 19(8):785–796
Ameri F, Dutta D (2005) Product lifecycle management: closing the knowledge loops. Comput Aided Design Appl 2(5):577–590
Banerjee SK (2000) Developing manufacturing management strategies: influence of technology and other issues. Int J Prod Econ 64(1–3):79–90
Mikkola JH, Skjøtt-Larsen T (2004) Supply chain integration: implications for mass customization, modularization and postponement strategies. Prod Planning Cont Manage Oper 15(4):352–361
Liao Y, Hong P, Rao SS (2010) Supply management, supply flexibility and performance outcomes: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms. J Supply Chain Manage 46(3):6–22
Groves G, Valsamakis V (1998) Supplier-customer relationships and company performance. Int J Logist Manage 9(2):51–64
Huang GQ, Zhang X, Liang L (2005) Towards integrated optimal configuration of platform products, manufacturing processes, and supply chains. J Oper Manage 23(3/4):267–290
Jeffery MM, Butler RJ, Malone LC (2008) Determining a cost-effective customer service level. Supply Chain Manage Int J 13(3):225–232
van der Vorst JGAJ, Tromp S, Zee DVD (2009) Simulation modelling for food supply chain redesign; integrated decision making on product quality, sustainability and logistics. Int J Prod Res 47(23):6611–6631
Marley KA (2006) Mitigating supply chain disruptions: essays on lean management, interactive complexity and tight coupling. Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio State University, Business Administration
Krajewski L, Wei JC, Tang L (2005) Responding to schedule changes in build-to-order supply chains. J Oper Manage 5:452–469
Jüttner U, Christopher M, Baker S (2007) Demand chain management-integrating marketing and supply chain Management. Ind Mark Manage 36(3):377–392
Dubin R (1969) Theory building. The Free Press, New York
Acknowledgments
This research is funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Project MIT-Pt/EDAM-IASC/0033/2008 and Project PTDC/EME-GIN/68400/2006). Helena Carvalho was supported by a PhD fellowship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/43984/2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carvalho, H., Azevedo, S.G. & Cruz-Machado, V. Agile and resilient approaches to supply chain management: influence on performance and competitiveness. Logist. Res. 4, 49–62 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-012-0064-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-012-0064-2