Abstract
In this study, we focus on what perspectives people use to perceive a humanoid, and we explore the basic dimensions of a humanoid evaluation by ordinary people. We also develop the psychological scale called PERNOD (PERception to humaNOiD), a humanoid-oriented scale that is based on fundamental dimensions.
Several studies have investigated the psychological evaluation of robots interaction with humans; however, almost studies have methodological limitations because few scales for the evaluation of psychological impressions of humanoids have been developed thus far. This study uses a humanoid of HRP-2 and explores what are the perspectives to evaluate the robot and investigate importance to develop humanoid-oriented scale.
With free descriptions, 157 respondents provided impressions of a humanoid robot, and psychologists categorized the qualitative data into several groups according to psychological meanings of the impressions. Thereafter, the descriptions were organized in the form of a Likert scale in order to develop PERNOD, and 380 additional respondents evaluated a humanoid robot quantitatively using PERNOD. The result of factor analysis indicated that PERNOD comprises five basic dimensions for perceiving humanoid robots: Familiarity, Utility, Motion, Controllability, and Toughness. Some similarities are found in dimensions of evaluation for both humanoids and humans, and original dimensions are found in dimensions for humanoids. The reliability of each sub-scale of PERNOD is statistically high; further, the usability of this scale is discussed.
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Acknowledgements
H. Kamide thanks to Ikuo Daibo, Naoki Kugihara, Yuji Kanemasa, and Junichi Taniguchi for their collection of some of data used in the main study. This research was supported by Global COE Program “Center of Human-Friendly Robotics Based on Cognitive Neuroscience” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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This paper is an extended version of previous work [17], and additionally contains the improved results and more detailed discussions.
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Kamide, H., Takubo, T., Ohara, K. et al. Impressions of Humanoids: The Development of a Measure for Evaluating a Humanoid. Int J of Soc Robotics 6, 33–44 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0187-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0187-x