Abstract
In this paper, novel modular representations and diagrams for service robots are introduced based on the work of ISO TC299-Working Group 6, aiming to provide a standard guideline for the users to present the modular service robots with a unified form, taking hardware connectivity and software aspect into account. The suggested modularity representation mainly consists of a line diagram, a circle diagram, a task-based diagram and a block diagram. At first, their concrete forms and introduction are illustrated in detail. Afterwards, some user case examples are provided, using the suggested diagrams, to present the real commercial modular designed service robots.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
Not applicable.
Notes
Basic module:module that is not decomposable into smaller modules.
Composited module:module constructed by two or more modules.
The tasks to be performed can be considered behaviors to be performed using Brooks’ sub-sumption architecture [2].
References
Aubo-i-series (2020) https://aubo-robotics.com/. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Brooks R (1986) A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE J Robot Autom 2(1):14–23
Brunete A, Ranganath A, Segovia S, Frutos JPD, Gambao E (2017) Current trends in reconfigurable modular robots design. Int J Adv Robot Syst 14(3):1–21
Chennareddy S, Agrawal A, Karuppiah A (2017) Modular self-reconfigurable robotic systems: a survey on hardware architectures. J Robot 2017:1–19
Cohen R, Lipton M, Dai M, Benhabib B (1992) Conceptual design of a modular robot. ASME J Mech Des 114:117–125
Fanuc-cr-series (2020) https://www.fanucamerica.com/products/robots/series/collaborative-robot. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Fukuda T, Nakagawa S (1988) Dynamically reconfigurable robotic system. In: Proceedings. 1988 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, pp 1581–1586. IEEE
International federation of robotics (2018) “Robot density rises globally”. Accessed: 30 Sept 2018
Jacobs T, Veneman J, Virk GS, Haidegger T (2018) The flourishing landscape of robot standardization [industrial activities]. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 25(1):8–15
Jorgensen MW, Ostergaard EH, Lund HH (2004) Modular atron: modules for a self-reconfigurable robot. In: 2004 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS)(IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37566), vol 2, pp 2068–2073. IEEE
Kuka-kmp-1500 (2020) https://www.kuka.com/de-de/produkte-leistungen/mobilit. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Kuka-lbr-iiwa (2020) https://www.kuka.com/de-de/produkte-leistungen/robotersysteme/industrieroboter/lbr-iiwa. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Matsumaru T (1995) Design and control of the modular robot system: Tomms. In: Proceedings of 1995 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, vol 2, pp 2125–2131. IEEE
Murata S, Kurokawa H, Kokaji S (1994) Self-assembling machine. In: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, pp 441–448. IEEE
neobotix-roboter (2020) https://www.neobotix-roboter.de/startseite. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Norman P (2017) Modularity: the degree to which a system components may be separated and combined
Stanley -rmp220 (2020) https://stanleyinnovation.com/products-services/robotics/robotic-mobility-platforms/active-stability/. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Ur-e-series (2020) https://www.universal-robots.com/e-series/. Accessed: 30 Aug 2020
Virk GS, Park HS, Yang S, Wang J (2017) ISO modularity for service robots. In: Advances in cooperative robotics, pp 663–671. World Scientific
Virk G (2003) CLAWAR modularity for robotic systems. Int J Robot Res 22:265–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/027836403128964944
Yim M, Duff DG, Roufas KD (2000) Polybot: a modular reconfigurable robot. In: Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium conference. IEEE international conference on robotics and automation. Symposia proceedings (Cat. No. 00CH37065), vol 1, pp 514–520. IEEE
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the ISO (International Standard Organization) and the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 52105197 and 61903268), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20190823).
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Not applicable.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zou, Y., Ju, Y., Shao, Z. et al. Novel Standardized Representation Methods for Modular Service Robots. Int J of Soc Robotics 14, 699–712 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00806-5
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00806-5