Skip to main content
Log in

Is having a positive image of public transit associated with travel satisfaction and continued transit usage? An exploratory study of bus transit

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Public Transport Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, researchers have begun to explore how users’ views and opinions about public transit influence satisfaction and future behavioral intentions. This study uses primary survey data collected by the authors along a bus route in Montreal, Canada, to assess whether users’ image of public transit is associated with their satisfaction and intention to continue using public transit in the future. Two binary logit models are developed and the results reveal that having a positive image of transit increases users’ odds of being satisfied and of intending to continue using transit in the future. Results also suggest that previous transit usage is a good indicator of intended future usage. Furthermore, this study explores whether the users’ image of transit should be considered when assessing loyalty. Based on our findings, we suggest that loyalty constructs in public transit research should be composed of the users’ image of public transit, their overall satisfaction with a service, their willingness to recommend it to others, and, passengers’ intentions to continue using the service in the future. Overall, this study is useful for researchers and transit agencies aiming to better understand and increase loyalty among current and future public transit users.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aarts H, Verplanken B, Knippenberg A (1998) Predicting behavior from actions in the past: repeated decision making or a matter of habit? J Appl Soc Psychol 28(15):1355–1374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abou-Zeid M, Witter R, Bierlaire M, Kaufmann V, Ben-Akiva M (2012) Happiness and travel mode switching: findings from a Swiss public transportation experiment. Transp Policy 19(1):93–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen D, Allen D (2004) Customer satisfaction research management: a comprehensive guide to integrating customer loyalty and satisfaction metrics in the management of complex organizations. ASQ Press, Milwaukee

    Google Scholar 

  • Beirão G, Cabral J (2007) Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: a qualitative study. Transp Policy 14(6):478–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergstad C, Gamble A, Garling T, Hagman O, Polk M, Ettema D, Friman M, Olsson L (2011) Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel. Transportation 38:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carreira R, Patrício L, Natal J, Magee C (2014) Understanding the travel experience and its impact on attitudes, emotions and loyalty towards the transportation provider—a quantitative study with mid-distance bus trips. Transp Policy 31:35–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chou P, Lu C, Chang Y (2014) Effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in high-speed rail services in Taiwan. Transportmetrica A Transp Sci 10:917–945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Oña J, de Oña R, Eboli L, Mazzulla G (2013) Perceived service quality in bus transit service: a structural equation approach. Transp Policy 29:219–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Oña J, de Oña R, Eboli L, Forciniti C, Mazzulla G (2016) Transit passengers’ behavioural intentions: the influence of service quality and customer satisfaction. Transportmetrica A Transp Sci 12(5):385–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diab E, El-Geneidy A (2014) Transitory optimism: changes in passenger perception following bus service improvement over time. Transp Res Rec 2415:97–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diab E, van Lierop D, El-Geneidy A (2017) Recommending transit: disentangling users’ willingness to recommend transit and their intended continued use. Travel Behav Soc 6:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte A, Garcia C, Giannarakis G, Limão S, Polydoropoulou A, Litinas N (2010) New approaches in transportation planning: happiness and transport economics. NETNOMICS Econ Res Electron Netw 11(1):5–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eboli L, Mazzulla G (2015) Relationships between rail passengers’ satisfaction and service quality: a framework for identifying key service factors. Public Transp 7(2):185–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heskett J, Jones T, Loveman G, Sasser W, Schlesinger L (1994) Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard Bus Rev 72:164–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess D, Brown J, Shoup D (2004) Waiting for the bus. J Public Transp 7(4):67–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai W, Chen C (2011) Behavioral intentions of public transit passengers—the roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement. Transp Policy 18(2):318–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loveman G (1998) Employee satisfaction, customer loyalty, and financial performance an empirical examination of the service profit chain in retail banking. J Service Res 1(1):18–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan V, Wind Y (2002) Got emotional product positioning? Mark Manag 11(3):36

    Google Scholar 

  • Merkert R, Pearson J (2015) A non-parametric efficiency measure incorporating perceived airline service levels and profitability. J Transp Econ Policy 49(2):261–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Minser J, Webb V (2010) Quantifying the benefits: application of customer loyalty modeling in public transportation context. Transp Res Rec 2144(1):111–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishalani R, McCord M, Wirtz J (2006) Passenger wait time perceptions at bus stops: empirical results and impact on evaluating real-time bus arrival information. J Public Transp 9(2):89–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Psarros I, Kepaptsoglou K, Karlaftis M (2011) An empirical investigation of passenger wait time perceptions. J Public Transp 14(3):109–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rigby D, Ledingham D (2004) CRM done right. Harvard Bus Rev 82(11):118–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer L (2014) Planning and social media: a case study of public transit and stigma on Twitter. J Am Plan Assoc 80(3):218–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheller M (2004) Automotive emotions feeling the car. Theory Cult Soc 21(4–5):221–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiftan Y, Barlach Y, Shefer D (2015) Measuring passenger loyalty to public transport modes. J Public Transp 18(1):7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şimşekoğlu Ö, Nordfjærn T, Rundmo T (2015) The role of attitudes, transport priorities, and car use habit for travel mode use and intentions to use public transportation in an urban Norwegian public. Transp Policy 42:113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada (2011) Visible minority and population group reference guide, National Household Survey, 2011. Statistics Canada

  • Stuart K, Mednick M, Bockman J (2000) Structural equation model of customer satisfaction for the New York City subway system. Transp Res Rec 1735:133–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Transportation Research Board (1999) A handbook for measuring customer satisfaction and service quality, vol 47. Transportation Research Board: United States Federal Transit Administration, Washington, DC

  • Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Portland Oregon (1995) Customer satisfaction index for the mass transit industry. Transit IDEA Project 1, Washington, DC

  • Tyrinopoulos Y, Antoniou C (2008) Public transit user satisfaction: variability and policy implications. Transp Policy 15(4):260–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Lierop D, El-Geneidy A (2016) Enjoying loyalty: the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in public transit. Res Transp Econ 59:50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2016.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Lierop D, Badami M, El-Geneidy A (2018) What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature. Transp Rev 38(1):52–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen C, Lan L, Cheng H (2005) Structural equation modeling to determine passenger loyalty toward intercity bus services. Transp Res Rec 1927(1):249–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaichkowsky J (1994) The personal involvement inventory: reduction, revision, and application to advertising. J Advert 23(4):59–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Webb V, Shah P (2014) Customer loyalty differences between captive and choice transit riders. Transp Res Rec 2415:80–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the bus users who participated in this study. This research is funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada. The authors would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their detailed feedback on the earlier versions of the manuscript. The ideas and findings presented in this paper represent the authors’ views in an academic exercise.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed El-Geneidy.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 120 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

van Lierop, D., El-Geneidy, A. Is having a positive image of public transit associated with travel satisfaction and continued transit usage? An exploratory study of bus transit. Public Transp 10, 241–256 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-018-0175-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-018-0175-5

Keywords

JEL Classification