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Multi-objective optimal operation in a micro-grid considering economic and environmental goals

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Abstract

The optimal operation of micro-grids has attracted the attention of many developed societies considering different objectives, such as the operational cost, pollution rate, and the increasingly extensive use of renewable energy resources in this field. The aggregation of these mostly contradictory goals in an optimization problem can provide an appropriate response for the users of these systems. In this study, in order to manage energy in systems with various micro-grids that differ in quality, we aim to apply the multi-objective particle swarm optimization method to obtain the optimal distribution of energy resources in a sample micro-grid, while simultaneously satisfying economic and pollution related operational objectives.

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Abbreviations

Ng:

The numbers of the energy generation units

Ns:

The numbers of the storage units

Nk:

The total number of load levels present in the grid

Ui(t):

The status of the ith unit at time t

PGi(t):

The amounts of output power for the ith unit at time t

PSj(t):

The amounts of output power for the jth storage unit at time t

BGi(t):

The energy price offer for the ith unit at time t

Bsj(t):

The energy price offer for the jth storage unit at time t

SGi(t):

The startup or shut-down costs for the ith unit at time t

Ssj(t):

The startup or shut-down costs for the jth storage unit at time t

PGrid(t):

The amounts of power exchanged at time t

BGrid(t):

The offered market at time t

EGi(t):

The amounts of pollution attributable to the ith generation unit at time t

Esj(t):

The amounts of pollution attributable to the jth storage unit at time t

EGrid(t):

The amounts of pollution attributable to the market at time t

SOCsj(t):

The charging amounts of a storage unit at the current times

SOCsj(t-1):

The charging amounts of a storage unit at the previous times

Pchg/Dchg(t):

The charging (discharging) amount during the tth hour

PCDSimax:

The maximum charging (discharging)rate

DG:

Distribution generation

SFLA:

Shuffle Forge leaping algorithm

MINLP:

Mixed integer nonlinear programming

OPF:

Optimal power flow

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

MOPSO:

Multi-objective particle swarm optimization

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Correspondence to Gholamreza Aghajani.

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Aghajani, G., Yousefi, N. Multi-objective optimal operation in a micro-grid considering economic and environmental goals. Evolving Systems 10, 239–248 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-018-9219-y

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