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An effective shunt active power filter based on novel binary multilevel inverter and optimal type-2 fuzzy system to accurately mitigate harmonic currents

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Abstract

Many power quality problems related to the harmonic currents have been recently reported, which are mainly caused by a large penetration of nonlinear loads such as power electronic converters, adjustable speed drivers, electric arc furnaces, and so forth. One of the fundamental solutions to simultaneously remove these harmonics is to use a shunt active power filter, which is known as multilevel inverter-based harmonic compensator. An important drawback of multilevel inverters is including a large number of semiconductor switches along with relevant gate drivers, which can highly increase their cost price and complexity. An asymmetric BMLI with low switch count is structured for VSI of SAPF to provide high-step staircase sinusoidal voltage for mitigating all harmonic currents caused by the non-linear loads. A hybrid energy storage system based on PV and BESS has been structured as power source of SAPF to continuously compensate the harmonic currents. An optimal type-2 fuzzy system based on bezier search differential evolution algorithm has been structured for control system of SAPF to provide an accurate active current signal for keeping the dc-link voltage constant and compensating the power losses. The level-creation capability of proposed multilevel inverter has been compared with other prominent and inventive multilevel inverters in terms of number of semiconductor switches. To more corroborate its simulation structure, prototype model of the proposed multilevel inverter has been set up and tested in laboratory. The harmonic current compensation capability of the shunt active power filter with the proposed binary multilevel inverter and the conventional binary multilevel inverter has been evaluated under different loading conditions. The proposed binary multilevel inverter can create 31 levels with 14 semiconductor switches considering that other multilevel inverters can create less than 27 levels with same semiconductor switches. Also, the shunt active power filter based on the proposed/conventional binary multilevel inverter has respectively compensated the harmonic currents caused by nonlinear rectifier load and arc furnace load with THD of 0.75%/3.08% and 2.88%/4.52%.

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Data availability statement

All the data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Abbreviations

BMLI:

Binary multilevel inverter

SAPF:

Shunt active power filter

BESS:

Battery energy storage system

PV:

Photovoltaic

T2FS:

Type-2 fuzzy system

T1FS:

Type-1 fuzzy system

BeSDEA:

Bezier search differential evolution algorithm

VSI:

Voltage source inverter

PIV:

Peak inverse voltage

THD:

Total harmonic distortion

KCL:

Kirchhoff’s current law

PQ:

Power quality

KVL:

Kirchhoff’s voltage law

PCC:

Point of common coupling

FOU:

Footprint of uncertainty and

UMF:

Upper membership function

LMF:

Lower membership function

DEA:

Differential evolution algorithm

i d –i q :

d–q axis current

I d :

Reverse saturation current of diode

I pv :

Output current of PV

V pv :

Output voltage of PV

T :

Cell temperature

K :

Boltzmann’s constant

q :

Coulomb constant

R s :

Series resistance

R sh :

Shunt resistance

N P :

Number of parallel PV cell

N S :

Number of series PV cell

N source :

Number of power source

N switch :

Number of semiconductor switch

M level :

Number of voltage level

R c , L c :

Resistive-inductive filter

Vsa, Vsb, Vsc :

Three-phase supply voltage

R L :

Nonlinear load resistance

a,b,c,κ :

Uniform distributed pseudo random number

Y cos :

Interval set

[y l i , y r i ] :

Centroid of consequent interval type-2 set

IWA :

Interval Weighted Average

i La , i Lb , i Lc :

Three-phase load current

I sa , i sb , i sc :

Three-phase source current

I ca , i cb , i cc :

Three-phase SAPF current

I ca :

BMLI’s phase-a current

X c :

Inductor impedance

i Ldnh , i Lqnh :

Nth component of d-q axis load current

i Ld1h , i Lq1h :

Fundamental component of d-q axis load current

i cd * , i cq * :

SAPF d-q reference currents

i ca * ,i cb * , i cc * :

SAPF abc reference currents

à :

Type-2 fuzzy set

à I :

Interval type-2 fuzzy set

F i :

Fuzzy set in X

J x :

Interval ⊆ [0.1]

y :

Output variable

[f i , f −i ] :

Interval firing level of ith rule

x :

Input variable

X :

Universe of discourse

μ :

Type-1 membership function

μ Ã :

Type-2 membership function

Dim :

Problem dimension

N :

Size of pattern matrix

low :

Lower search boundary

up :

Upper search boundary

I max :

Maximum iteration number.

g best :

Global solution

g min :

Objective Function value of gbest

S :

Pre-pattern matrix

fitS :

Objective function value of patterns of S

P :

Pattern matrix

fitP :

Objective function values of patterns of P

dv 1 :

Bijective patterns

dv 2 :

Bezier patterns

map :

Crossover control matrix

PSO :

Particle swarm optimization

ABC :

Artificial bee colony

ChOA :

Chimp optimization algorithm

GOA :

Grasshopper optimization algorithm

WOA :

Whale optimization algorithm

MPNN :

Multilayer perceptron neural network

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Khouzestan Regional Electric Company, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hossein Toopchizadeh

  2. Khouzestan Regional Electric Company Northeast Area Operation Assistance, Shoushtar, Iran

    Mostafa Zallaghi

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering-Control, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch (Damavand), Tehran, Iran

    Mosayeb Moradi

  4. Kouzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA), Ahvaz, Iran

    Saeid Shahmoradi

Authors
  1. Hossein Toopchizadeh
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  2. Mostafa Zallaghi
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  3. Mosayeb Moradi
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  4. Saeid Shahmoradi
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Correspondence to Hossein Toopchizadeh.

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Toopchizadeh, H., Zallaghi, M., Moradi, M. et al. An effective shunt active power filter based on novel binary multilevel inverter and optimal type-2 fuzzy system to accurately mitigate harmonic currents. Evolving Systems 14, 783–800 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-022-09465-x

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