Abstract
This paper presents a new technique for real-time isosurface visualization of three-dimensional smooth fields. This technique enables direct isosurface rendering of smoothly defined fields without generating intermediate polygon models as used in the marching-cube algorithm, a standard technique for isosurface extraction. We developed a parallel algorithm that is suitable for effective computation on graphics hardware by converting any field to a set of polynomials, enabling the detection of intersections between rays and isosurfaces at arbitrary isovalue with small computational cost. In addition, the isovalue to be rendered can be changed in real time, because the algorithm is not restricted to a specific isovalue. The technique can also be applied to the problem of the direct rendering of implicit surfaces that are defined as isosurfaces of smoothly defined fields.
Graphical Abstract








Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amidror I (2002) Scattered data interpolation methods for electronic imaging systems: a survey. J Electron Imaging 11(2):157–176
Atluri SN, Zhu T (1998) A new meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) approach in computational mechanics. Comput Mech 22(2):117–127
Belytschko T, Lu YY, Gu L (1994) Element-free Galerkin methods. Int J Numer Methods in Eng 37(2):229–256
Carr JC, Beatson RK, Cherrie JB, Mitchell TJ, Fright WR, McCallum BC, Evans TR (2001) Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, pp 67–76
Engel K, Hadwiger M, Kniss J, Rezk-Salama C, Weiskopf D (2006) Real-time volume graphics. A K Peters, Natick
Gelas A, Valette S, Prost R, Nowinski W (2009) Variational implicit surface meshing. Comput Graph 33(3):312–320
Hadwiger M, Sigg C, Scharsach H, Buhler K, Gross M (2005) Real-time ray-casting and advanced shading of discrete isosurfaces. Comp Graph Forum 24(3):303–312
Hart J (1996) Sphere tracing: a geometric method for the antialiased ray tracing of implicit surfaces. Vis Comp 12(10):527–545
Jang Y, Weiler M, Hopf M, Huang J, Ebert DS, Gaither KP, Ertl T (2004) Interactively visualizing procedurally encoded scalar fields. In: Joint Eurographics—IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization, pp 35–44
Kalra D, Barr A (1989) Guaranteed ray intersection with implicit surfaces. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’89, pp 297–306
Knoll A, Wald I, Hansen C (2009) Coherent multiresolution isosurface ray tracing. Vis Comp 25(3):209–225
Ledergerber C, Guennebaud G, Meyer M, Bacher M, Pfister H (2008) Volume MLS ray casting. IEEE Trans Vis Comp Graph 14(6):1539–1546
Levoy M (1990) Efficient ray tracing of volume data. ACM Trans Graph 9(3):99–106
Linsen L, Van Long T, Rosenthal P, Rosswog S (2008) Surface extraction from multi-field particle volume data using multi-dimensional cluster visualization. IEEE Trans Vis Comp Graph 14(6):1483–1490
Liu GR, Liu MB (2003) Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: a meshfree particle method. World Scientific, Singapore
Liu B, Clapworthy GJ, Dong F (2009) Fast isosurface rendering on a GPU by cell rasterization. Comp Graph Forum 28(8):2151–2164
McNamee JM (2007) Numerical methods for roots of polynomials—part I. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Navratil PA, Johnson JL, Bromm V (2007) Visualization of cosmological particle-based datasets. IEEE Trans Vis Comp Graph 13(6):1712–1718
Neophytou N, Mueller K (2005) GPU accelerated image aligned splatting. In: Gröller E (ed) Volume Graphics 2005. Eurographics, New York, pp 197–205
Ohtake Y, Belyaev A, Alexa M, Turk G, Seidel H-P (2003) Multi-level partition of unity implicits. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2003, pp 463–470
Oka M, Nakata S, Tanaka S (2007) Preprocessing for accelerating convergence of repulsive-particle systems for sampling implicit surfaces. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications, pp 232–240
Perlin K, Hoffert EM (1989) Hypertexture. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’89, pp 253–262
Reiner T, Mückl G, Dachsbacher C (2011) Interactive modeling of implicit surfaces using a direct visualization approach with signed distance functions. Comp Graph 35(3):596–603
Rosenthal P, Linsen L (2006) Direct isosurface extraction from scattered volume data. In: Joint Eurographics—IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization, pp 99–106
Shen C, O’Brien JF, Shewchuk JR (2004) Interpolating and approximating implicit surfaces from polygon soup. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2004, pp 896–904
Stander BT, Hart JC (1997) Guaranteeing the topology of an implicit surface polygonization for interactive modeling. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’97, pp 60–69
Tsukamoto Y, Kawashima S, Inoue S, Ito I, Kataoka S, Kojima K, Hasegawa K, Nakata S, Tanaka S (2011) Data fitting independent of grid structure using a volumic version of MPU. J Vis 14(2):161–170
Wang JG, Liu GR (2002) A point interpolation meshless method based on radial basis function. Int J Numer Methods Eng 54(11):1623–1648
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakata, S., Aoyama, S., Makino, R. et al. Real-time isosurface rendering of smooth fields. J Vis 15, 179–187 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-011-0119-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-011-0119-5