Skip to main content
Log in

Evaluation of color space information for visualization of contamination plumes

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Visualization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Relating dye concentration and image information is an important consideration in flow studies which employs a tracer to map plumes of contamination. This study employs color space information to increase the data available for analysis than gray scale commonly employed. The objective of this study is to find a color space in which the relationship between transmitted signal and integrated concentration is quantifiable. In particular, the goal was to correlate the spatial concentration of contamination with color pixel information. For this purpose, a new algorithm was used to identify the best concentration for a number of dyes that can be used as tracers. In addition, the ideal color space component for reconstruction of each dye was determined. The effectiveness of this color classification method was assessed using 10,368 color space component images within the framework of peak signal-to-noise ratio for eight different dyes and six color spaces spanning a concentration ranging from 1 to 2,000 ppm, for eight plume lengths.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aeby P, Schultze U, Braichotte D, Bundt M, Moser-Boroumand F, Wydler H, Flühler H (2001) Fluorescence imaging of tracer distributions in soil profiles. Environ Sci Technol 35(4):753–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantle JE (Ed.) (1986) Atomic absorption spectrometry. Elsevier

  • CIE (2 ed.) (1986) Colorimetry. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage

  • DHS (2002) Department of Homeland Security, Presidential Directive-3. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/03/20020312-5.html

  • Freeze R, Cherry J (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2001) Digital image processing, 2nd edition edn. Addison–Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc., Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzman IL, Iskander M (2013) Geotechnical properties of sucrose-saturated fused quartz for use in physical modeling. ASTM Geotech Test J 36(3):448–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzman IL, Iskander M, Suescun-Florez E, Omidvar M (2014) A transparent aqueous-saturated sand surrogate for use in physical modeling. Acta Geotech 9(2):187–206. doi:10.1007/s11440-013-0247-2

  • Huang WE, Smith CC, Lerner DN, Thornton SF, Oram A (2002) Physical modelling of solute transport in porous media: evaluation of an imaging technique using UV excited fluorescent dye. Water Res 36(7):1843–1853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt RWG, Pointer MR (2011) Measuring colour. Wiley, NewYork

  • Iskander M (2010) Modeling with transparent soils, visualizing soil structure interaction and multi phase flow, non intrusively. Springer, Heidelberg

  • ITU (1995) Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange 12. EBU Standard for chromaticity tolerances for studio monitors Tech 709–5

  • Kashuk S, Mercurio SR, Iskander M (2014) Visualization of dyed NAPL concentration in transparent porous media using color space components. J contam hydrol 162:1–16

  • Kechavarzi C, Soga K, Wiart P (2000) Multispectral image analysis method to determine dynamic fluid saturation distribution in two-dimensional three-fluid phase flow laboratory experiments. J Contam Hydrol 46(3):265–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Iskander MG (2010) Modelling capacity of transparent soil. Can Geotech J 47(4):451–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo H, Tabe K, Iskander M, Yoon Sung Ho (2010) A transparent water-based polymer for simulating multiphase flow. ASTM Geotech Test J 33(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohta N, Robertson A (2006) Colorimetry: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, NewYork

  • Oostrom M, Dane JH, Wietsma TW (2007) A review of multidimensional, multifluid, intermediate-scale experiments: flow behavior, saturation imaging, and tracer detection and quantification. Vadose Zone J 6(3):610–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riser-Roberts E (1998) Remediation of petroleum contaminated soils: biological, physical, and chemical processes. CRC Press, Florida

  • Sadek S, Iskander MG, Liu J (2002) Geotechnical properties of transparent silica. Can Geotech J 39(1):111–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severino O Jr, Gonzaga A (2013) A new approach for color image segmentation based on color mixture. Mach Vis Appl 24(3):607–618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma G, Trussell HJ (1997) Digital color imaging. IEEE Trans Image Process 6(7):901–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandenbroucke N, Macaire L, Postaire JG (2003) Color image segmentation by pixel classification in an adapted hybrid color space. Application to soccer image analysis. Comput Vis Image Underst 90(2):190–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Yao, Ostermann Joern, Zhang Ya-Qin (2009) Digital video processing and communications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 19(2):302–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The writers gratefully acknowledge the support of the US National Science Foundation (Grant No. DGE 0741714) and the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-10-1-0049. The assistance of Professors Yao Wang and Stephan Bless of NYU Poly as well as colleagues Sophia Mercurio, Mohammad Baamer, and Saman Kashuk is much appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Magued Iskander.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kashuk, S., Iskander, M. Evaluation of color space information for visualization of contamination plumes. J Vis 18, 121–130 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-014-0232-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-014-0232-3

Keywords

Navigation