Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Design and performance evaluation of V2X communication protocol based on Nakagami-m outage probability

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In automotive field, the term Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a sub-application of Internet of Things (IoT).The communication scenario of IoV usually changes in the space-time dimension. Unfortunately, vehicles can not select the optimal routing policy when facing the dynamic environment. Thus, in this paper, we present a V2X Communication protocol based on Nakagami-m Outage Probability (VCNOP) to improve Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Average-End-to-End-Delay (AE2ED). We consider Road-Side-Units (RSU)-assisted communication system to help find the best routing path, and the outage probability to measure the impact of the physical layer on routing protocol. Meanwhile, the dynamic broadcasting mechanism considering the various vehicle velocity and density are applied to increase the accuracy of routing decisions. We utilize vehicle flow model combining realistic Harbin map by SUMO to provision a realistic scenario. Following this, simulation results in NS3 show the advantage of VCNOP compared with other protocols in terms of PDR and AE2ED.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Notes

  1. Outage probability is that the link capacity cannot meet the required user rate, and an outage event will occur.

References

  • Arslan H (2020) A parallel fully dynamic iterative bio-inspired shortest path algorithm. Arab J Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04606-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam B, Amjad F, Zou CC (2012) Optimal roadside units placement in urban areas for vehicular networks. Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE Symposium on, IEEE, pp 000423–000429

  • Bagherlou H, Ghaffari A (2018) A routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks using simulated annealing algorithm and neural networks. J Supercomput 74:2528–2552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrachina J, Garrido P, Fogue M, Martinez FJ, Cano JC, Calafate CT, Manzoni P (2013) Road side unit deployment: a density-based approach. IEEE Intell Transp Syst Mag 5(3):30–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behrisch M, Bieker L, Erdmann J, Krajzewicz D (2011) Sumo–simulation of urban mobility: an overview. In: Proceedings of SIMUL 2011, The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, ThinkMind

  • Belmekki BEY, Abdelkrim H, Escrig B (2019a) Cooperative vehicular communications at intersections over nakagami-m fading channels. Veh Commun 19:100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.100165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belmekki BEY, Hamza A, Escrig B (2019b) Cooperative vehicular communications at intersections over Nakagami-m fading channels. Veh Commun 19:100165

    Google Scholar 

  • Belmekki BEY, Hamza A, Escrig B (2020a) On the performance of 5g non-orthogonal multiple access for vehicular communications at road intersections. Veh Commun 22:100202

    Google Scholar 

  • Belmekki BEY, Hamza A, Escrig B (2020b) Performance analysis of cooperative noma at intersections for vehicular communications in the presence of interference. Ad hoc Netw 98:102036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilal S, Madani SA, Khan I (2011) Enhanced junction selection mechanism for routing protocol in vanets. Int Arab J Inform Technol 8(4):422–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Xiang Z, Jian W, Jiang W (2010) An adaptive cross-layer multi-path routing protocol for urban vanet. In: Automation and Logistics (ICAL), 2010 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, pp 603–608

  • Fonseca A, Vazão T (2013) Applicability of position-based routing for vanet in highways and urban environment. J Netw Comput Appl 36(3):961–973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari A (2019) Hybrid opportunistic and position-based routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:1593–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghiasi A, Li X, Ma J (2019) A mixed traffic speed harmonization model with connected autonomous vehicles. Transp Res Part C 104:210–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glass S, Mahgoub I, Rathod M (2017) Rapid prototyping of cooperative caching in a vanet: a case study. Wireless Days. https://doi.org/10.1109/WD.2017.7918144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goudarzi F, Asgari H, Al-Raweshidy HS (2019) Traffic-aware vanet routing for city environmentsa protocol based on ant colony optimization. IEEE Syst J 13(1):571–581. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2018.2806996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal P (2012) Simulation study of comparative performance of aodv, olsr, fsr & lar, routing protocols in manet in large scale scenarios. Information and Communication Technologies (WICT). World Congress on, IEEE, pp 283–286

  • Gu Z, Zhang J, Ji Y (2019) Topology optimizing in fso-based uavs relay networks for resilience enhancement. Mob Netw Appl 5:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassanabadi B, Valaee S (2014) Reliable periodic safety message broadcasting in vanets using network coding. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 13(3):1284–1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Guan X, Cai Z, Ohtsuki T (2013) Multicast capacity analysis for social-proximity urban bus-assisted vanets. In: Communications (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, pp 6138–6142

  • Jerbi M, Meraihi R, Senouci SM, Ghamri-Doudane Y (2006) Gytar: improved greedy traffic aware routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks, ACM, pp 88–89

  • Johnson DB, Maltz DA, Broch J et al (2001) Dsr: the dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. Ad hoc Netw 5:139–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Karnadi FK, Mo ZH, Kc Lan (2007) Rapid generation of realistic mobility models for vanet. In: Wireless Communications, and Networking Conference, (2007) WCNC 2007. IEEE, IEEE, pp 2506–2511

  • Karp B, Kung HT (2000) Gpsr: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, ACM, pp 243–254

  • Kouka K, Krichen L (2019) Energy management strategy of a photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station. Int Conf Sci Tech Autom Control Comput Eng. https://doi.org/10.1109/STA.2019.8717285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lan KC, Wu ZM (2008) On the feasibility of using public transport as data mules for traffic monitoring. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. IEEE, IEEE, pp 979–984

  • Liang Y, Liu H, Rajan D (2012) Optimal placement and configuration of roadside units in vehicular networks. In: Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2012 IEEE 75th, IEEE, pp 1–6

  • Lochert C, Hartenstein H, Tian J, Fussler H, Hermann D, Mauve M (2003) A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments. In: Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2003. Proceedings. IEEE, IEEE, pp 156–161

  • Menouar H, Lenardi M, Filali F (2007) Movement prediction-based routing (mopr) concept for position-based routing in vehicular networks. In: Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC-2007 Fall. 2007 IEEE 66th, IEEE, pp 2101–2105

  • Perkins CE, Bhagwat P (1994) Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (dsdv) for mobile computers. ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 24:234–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rehman SU, Khan MA, Zia TA (2014) Cross layer routing for vanets. World of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraswat D, Chaurasia BK (2013) Ahp based trust model in vanets. In: International Conference and Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, pp 391–393

  • Shafi S, Bhandari BN, Ratnam DV (2016) An improved cross layer cooperative routing for vehicular networks. In: International Conference on Research Advances in Integrated Navigation Systems, pp 1–4

  • Taleb T, Ochi M, Jamalipour A, Kato N (2006) An efficient vehicle-heading based routing protocol for vanet networks. In: Wireless Communications and NETWORKING Conference, 2006. WCNC, pp 2199–2204

  • ur Rehman S, Khan MA, Imran M, Zia TA, Iftikhar M (2017) Enhancing quality-of-service conditions using a cross-layer paradigm for ad-hoc vehicular communication. IEEE Access 5:12404–12416. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2717501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Fan P, Letaief KB (2012) On the joint v2i and v2v scheduling for cooperative vanets with network coding. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61(1):62–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Wang Y, Liu B, Wang X, Zhang J, Hussain A, Wang P, Cao Y (2018) A novel cross-layer communication protocol for vehicular sensor networks. Int J Commun Syst 31(7):e3406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Hussain A, Bhutta MNM, Cao Y (2019a) Enabling bidirectional traffic mobility for its simulation in smart city environments. Fut Gener Comput Syst 92:342–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.10.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Tang M, Song H, Cao Y, Khan Z (2019b) Opportunistic protocol based on social probability and resources efficiency for the intelligent and connected transportation system. Comput Netw 149:173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.11.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigren T, Johansson K, Lamm A, Persson M, Savolainen L (2015) Slow congestion control. US Patent 9,220,071

  • Wu TJ, Liao W, Chang CJ (2012) A cost-effective strategy for road-side unit placement in vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Commun 60(8):2295–2303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu TY, Obaidat MS, Chan HL (2015) Qualityscan scheme for load balancing efficiency in vehicular ad hoc networks (vanets). J Syst Softw 104:60–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Sun L (2012) Efficient detection scheme for urban traffic congestion using buses. In: Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2012 26th International Conference on, IEEE, pp 287–293

  • Yi J, Adnane A, David S, Parrein B (2011) Multipath optimized link state routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad hoc Netw 9(1):28–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhao J, Cao G (2010) Service scheduling of vehicle-roadside data access. Mob Netw Appl 15(1):83–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Cheng X, Yang L (2019) Flexible energy management protocol for cooperative ev-to-ev charging. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(1):172–184. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2807184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X, Fu W (2019) A multi-agent simulation method of urban land layout structure based on fpga. Mob Netw Appl 5:1–10

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(61102105, 51779050), The Harbin Science Fund for Young Reserve Talents (No. 2017RAQXJ036), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HEUCFG201831)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China

    Tong Wang, Yao Zhang, Liyue Fu & Azhar Hussain

  2. ShangHai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute, Shanghai, China

    Jianfeng Zhang

  3. School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Yue Cao

  4. Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

    Gaojie Chen

Authors
  1. Tong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianfeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yue Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Liyue Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Azhar Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gaojie Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yue Cao.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, T., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. et al. Design and performance evaluation of V2X communication protocol based on Nakagami-m outage probability. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 12, 9405–9421 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02661-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02661-0

Keywords