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A comparison of Laryngeal effect in the dialects of Punjabi language

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Abstract

Human beings have their own speaking style which helped them in depicting their native language. The major reason behind variability in some language is due to varying dialect of the speakers. In the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), key challenge is to recognize and to generate an acoustic model which represents differences of redundant acoustic features. In this paper, an issue of dialect classification is perform on the basis of tonal aspects of laryngeal phoneme [h]. This is an empirical study of [h] sound words in four major dialects of Indian Punjabi language with two key parameters, namely F0 variation, and acoustic space, which are calculated using two formant frequencies: F1, and F2. The results are based on four different dialects which provide us some interesting hypotheses and are explored with self-created dataset. The speech analysis tool PRAAT features have been extracted and correlations are studied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Each variable has been compared with same variable of all other dialects. The results analysis showed that the fundamental frequency of these vowels are influenced distinctly in different dialectal conditions. Apart F1 and F2 have shown a significant correlation with each spoken dialect. Further work is extended through processing of acoustic information at feature level or by comparing the performance analysis using basic or hybrid Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients feature extraction methods. The result shows that the hybrid LPCC + F0 system achieved a Relative Improvement (R.I.) of 6.94% on Subspace Gaussian Mixture Model model in comparison to that of basic LPCC approach respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India

    Kanika Goyal

  2. School of Sciences and Emerging Technologies, Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Amitoj Singh

  3. Department of Informatics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India

    Virender Kadyan

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  1. Kanika Goyal
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  2. Amitoj Singh
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Goyal, K., Singh, A. & Kadyan, V. A comparison of Laryngeal effect in the dialects of Punjabi language. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 13, 2415–2428 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03235-4

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