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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Extracting the cervical cancer cell region through super pixel segmentation

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This article was retracted on 14 June 2022

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Abstract

The objective is to extract the extra space to find the malignant area. The image has been observed and extracted with various methodologies to find the exact nuclei of the cancer cells. Koilocytes cells were taken into consideration of analysis and super pixels segmentation. The malignant cells were found out by extracting and eliminating the background space of the cervical image to get a clear picture of the affected cervical cells. The nuclei cells were segmented to get positive and negative values. The original images were extracted by removing the background spaces and the cytoplasm of the cervical region. The squamous and basal cells were determined by eliminating unwanted cytoplasm. The super pixel cells were taken for the analysis. The method was designed the framework with the series of segmentation and extracting the core nuclei to extract the unwanted space to find the malignant area. Stage 0 explains about the cancer cells find out in the surface of the cervix. More invasive cancers are differentiated into four stages. Stage I—if cancer grows beyond the surface of the cervix and the uterus without affecting the outer region i.e., Walls of the pelvis or the vagina’s bottom surface. Stage II describes the cancer cells has been spread beyond the cervix surface and uterus and possibly to nearby tissue. Stage III cancer considered as a severe type of cancer. The cancer cells were spread to the lower part of the vagina and sometime it will stop the urine flow. Stage IV clearly defines the most advanced stage of cervical cancer. It will affect all the organs of the body. The affected cells were extended to the organs of the human body. The detected malignant cells were divided into segmentation. If the segmentation of each frame contains a malignant cell, then it will be marked as positive and if the frame doesn’t have a malignant cell, then it will be marked as negative. By analysing the segmentation and extraction it can be easily find out the number of malignant cells in the region. In our proposed methodology the original image was undergone into various slides of the Pap smear test. By the positive and the negative values of the core nuclei the growth and the severity of the malignant cells can be pictured. Through the results, the treatment can be easily carried out according to the stages of severity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RMK College of Engineering and Technology, Puduvoyal, Chennai, 601206, India

    R. R. Prianka

  2. Department of Physics, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, 600062, India

    A. Celine Kavida

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  1. R. R. Prianka
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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04153-9

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Prianka, R.R., Celine Kavida, A. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Extracting the cervical cancer cell region through super pixel segmentation. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 13, 2723–2733 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03259-w

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