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Frame-level steganalysis of QIM steganography in compressed speech based on multi-dimensional perspective of codeword correlations

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Abstract

In this paper, a frame-level steganalysis of Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) steganography in compressed speech streams is proposed for the first time. The proposed method builds a neural network classification framework based on multi-dimensional perspective of codeword correlations, which is inspired by cognitive biology. Four dimensions are employed: global-to-local, local-to-global, forward and backward. First, the codeword embedding method is utilized to map each codeword into a compact representation. Next, Bi-LSTM is used to consider the steganographic features in time sequence and reverse time sequence. Subsequently, a dual-thread attention mechanism is designed to extract local and global features at the same time. Finally, a channel attention mechanism is employed to increase the weight that contributes the most to the current task and the convolution and fully connected layers are used to generate the frame-level steganographic label. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and practical in frame-level detection tasks.

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Notes

  1. Our codes and dataset can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/5457267.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the Important Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province under Grant ZDKJ2020010, partly by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 618QN309, and partly by the IACAS Free Exploration Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Miao Wei, Songbin Li, Peng Liu, Qiandong Yan & Jingang Wang

  2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Yongfeng Huang

  3. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3010, Australia

    Cheng Zhang

Authors
  1. Miao Wei
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  2. Songbin Li
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  3. Peng Liu
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  4. Yongfeng Huang
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  5. Qiandong Yan
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  6. Jingang Wang
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  7. Cheng Zhang
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Correspondence to Songbin Li.

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Wei, M., Li, S., Liu, P. et al. Frame-level steganalysis of QIM steganography in compressed speech based on multi-dimensional perspective of codeword correlations. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 14, 8421–8431 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03608-9

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