Abstract
In recent times, there has been increasing attentiveness in monitoring environments using low-powered devices. Wireless Sensor Network or WSN embodies geo-spatially disseminated self-configuring sensors that ideally match the requirements. These sensors need to maintain the required coverage to ensure the timely transmission of the perceived information to the sink. Thus, lifetime and efficient coverage are the two foremost concerns that must be tackled. Effective positioning of these sensors plays a vital role as the networklifetime relies on it. This paper proposes a corona-based balanced-energy sensor positioning strategy in which sensors are dispersed in line with a Probability Density Function (PDF). PDF is used to determine the optimal number of nodes that should be dispersed in each area. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of energy-balancing, coverage, and increased lifetime of the network. It is observed that the sensor dissemination using the proposed strategy delivers better coverage and eliminates energy-hole issues in the network field while ensuring the durability of WSN.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
References
Alam SMN, Haas ZJ (2015) Coverage and connectivity in three-dimensional networks with random node deployment. Ad Hoc Netw 34:157–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2014.09.008
Chatterjee P, Das N (2014) Coverage constrained non-uniform node deployment in wireless sensor networks for load balancing. In: 2014 Applications and innovations in mobile computing (AIMoC), pages 126–132
Chauhan V, Soni S (2020) Mobile sink-based energy efficient cluster head selection strategy for wireless sensor networks. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:4453–4466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01509-6
Fan T, Teng G, Huo L (2014) A pre-determined nodes deployment strategy of two-tiered wireless sensor networks based on minimizing cost. Int J Wirel Inf Netw 21(114–124):06. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-014-0240-1
Farooq MO, Dogar AB, Shah GA (2010) Mr-leach: Multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy. In: Sensor technologies and applications (SENSORCOMM), 2010 Fourth international conference on, pages 262–268
Giridhar A, Kumar P (2005) Maximizing the functional lifetime of sensor networks. In: In ACM syposium on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN, pages 5– 12, 05 . ISBN 0-7803-9201-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN.2005.1440885
Gomathy V, Padhy N, Samanta (2020) Malicious node detection using heterogeneous cluster based secure routing protocol (hcbs) in wireless adhoc sensor networks. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:4995–5001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01797-3
Halder S, DasBit S (2014) Design of a probability density function targeting energy-efficient node deployment in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag 11(2):204–219
Halder S, Ghosal A, Saha A, Dasbit S (2011) Energy-balancing and lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor network with archimedes spiral. Ubiquitous Intell Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23641-9_34
Hashim HA, Ayinde BO, Abido MA (2016) Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor network using artificial bee colony algorithm. J Netw Comput Appl 64:239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.09.013
He Y, Li X, Xu S (2009) A balanced energy consumption routing with receiving cost for wireless sensor networks. In: 2009 international conference on electronic computer technology. pages 205–209
Jiguo Yu, Qi Yingying, Wang Guanghui, Xin Gu (2012) A cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with nonuniform node distribution. AEU - Int J Electron Commun 66(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2011.05.002
Joshi Y, Younis M (2016) Restoring connectivity in a resource constrained wsn. J Netw Comput Appl 66:03. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2016.03.009
Kumar K, Paul A, Chen JIZ (2020) Wearable computing techniques for smart health. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11:4305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01786-6
Li J, Mohapatra P (2006) Analytical modeling and mitigation techniques for the energy hole problem in sensor networks. Pervasive Mob Comput 3(233–254):06. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2006.11.001
Lin CH, Tsai MJ (2006) A comment on heed: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 5(10):1471–1472
Liu T (2013) Avoiding energy holes to maximize network lifetime in gradient sinking sensor networks. Wireless Pers Commun 70:05. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0709-0
Liu Y, Ngan H, Ni L (2007) Power-aware node deployment in wireless sensor networks. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 3:01. https://doi.org/10.1080/15501320701205597
Mao J, Jiang X (2019) Analysis of node deployment in wireless sensor networks in warehouse environment monitoring systems. J Wirel Com Netw. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1615-x
Mezrag F, Bitam S, Mellouk A (2017) Secure routing in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. In: GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE global communications conference, pages 1–6
Mishra R, Jha V, Tripathi RK, Sharma AK (2017) Energy efficient approach in wireless sensor networks using game theoretic approach and ant colony optimization. Wirel Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4000-2
Mishra R, Jha V, Tripathi R, Sharma A (2018) Corona based node distribution scheme targeting energy balancing in wireless sensor networks for the sensors having limited sensing range. Wirel Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-1834-9
Mishra R, Jha V, Tripathi R, Sharma A (2018) Design of probability density function targeting energy efficient network for coalition based wsns. Wirel Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-5134-y
Olariu S, Stojmenović I (2006) Design guidelines for maximizing lifetime and avoiding energy holes in sensor networks with uniform distribution and uniform reporting. In: IEEE INFOCOM. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2006.296
Potdar V, Sharif A, Chang E (2009) Wireless sensor networks: A survey. In: 2009 international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops, pages 636–641
Preeth SKSL, Dhanalakshmi R, Kumar R (2020) Efficient parent selection for rpl using aco and coverage based dynamic trickle techniques. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:4377–4391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01181-w
Reddy V, Gayathri P (2020) Energy efficient data transmission in wsn thru compressive slender penetrative etiquette. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:4681–4693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01724-6
Sharma V, Patel RB, Bhaduria HS, Prasad D (2015) Policy for random aerial deployment in large scale wireless sensor networks. In: International conference on computing, communication automation, pages 367–373
Sivaram M, Rathee G, Rastogi R (2020) A resilient and secure two-stage ita and blockchain mechanism in mobile crowd sourcing. J Ambient Intell Human Compu 11:5003–5016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01800-x
Tripathi RK, Singh YN, Verma NK (2012) N-leach, a balanced cost cluster-heads selection algorithm for wireless sensor network. In: 2012 national conference on communications (NCC), pages 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC.2012.6176825
Vinodha D, Anita EAM (2017) A survey on privacy preserving data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In: International conference on information communication and embedded systems (ICICES), pages 1–6
Ye M, Li C, Chen G, Wu J (2005) Eecs: an energy efficient clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks. In: PCCC 2005. 24th IEEE international performance, computing, and communications conference, pages 535–540
Yuan J, Ling Q, Yan J, Zhang W, Gu H (2011) A novel non-uniform node distribution strategy for wireless sensor networks. pages 3737–3741, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2011.5968874
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mishra, R., Mishra, S. & Sharma, D. Pdf based node deployment scheme targeting efficient coverage in WSNs. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 15, 711–724 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-023-04728-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-023-04728-0