Electric vehicles to renewable-three unequal areas-hybrid microgrid to contain system frequency using mine blast algorithm based control strategy

Abstract

This paper presents an economical approach to control frequency of an isolated three area hybrid micro grid system (3A-HµGS) with the coordinated participation of plug in electric vehicles (PEVs). In addition to diesel generators, an integration of EV fleets to the micro grid as a dynamic device makes the system more reliable and highly controllable. PEVs are connected to the hybrid system as a source and a load under the scenario of deficit and surplus power respectively. It is thus here used as an economical load frequency controller. The performance of the proposed system with PEVs has been analyzed under the degree of penetration of different renewable energy sources like wind energy, parabolic trough, photovoltaic arrays, and biogas power system in all three different areas respectively. Moreover, artificial intelligence like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and mine blast algorithm based proportional-integral-derivative controllers are also implemented to contain the system frequency under different circumstances such as load variation, unpredictable change in wind velocity and uncontrolled solar irradiance. Comparative analysis of the dynamic responses and the numerical results of the system with different algorithms ascertain that the coordinated participation of PEVs diminishes the power and frequency deviation of the proposed hybrid micro grid system.

Appendix

Block name	Transfer function	Values of parameters
WTG	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{{\text{WTG}}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{{\text{WTG}}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{{\text{WTG}}}} = 1,$ ${\text{T}}_{{{\text{WTG}}}} = 1.5$
PTC	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{{\text{PTC}}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{{\text{PTC}}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{{\text{PTC}}}} = 1.8,$ ${\text{T}}_{{{\text{PTC}}}} = 1.8$
PV arrays	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{{\text{PV}}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{{\text{PV}}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{{\text{PV}}}} = 1,$ ${\text{T}}_{{{\text{PV}}}} = 0.03$
PEVs	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{{\text{PEV}}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{{\text{PEV}}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{{\text{PEV}}}} = 1$, ${\text{T}}_{{{\text{PEV}}}} = 1$
Valve actuator	$\frac{1}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{\text{V}}} }}$	${\text{T}}_{{\text{V}}} = 0.05$
Diesel engine	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{\text{E}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{\text{E}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{\text{E}}} = 1,$ ${\text{T}}_{{\text{E}}} = 0.5$
Rotor swing	$\frac{{{\text{K}}_{{\text{P}}} }}{{1 + {\text{ST}}_{{\text{P}}} }}$	${\text{K}}_{{\text{P}}} = 1$, ${\text{T}}_{{\text{P}}} = 3$
Synchronizing coefficients	$\frac{{{\text{T}}_{{12}} }}{{\text{S}}},{\text{~}}\frac{{{\text{T}}_{{13}} }}{{\text{S}}},\frac{{{\text{T}}_{{23}} }}{{\text{S}}}$	${\text{T}}_{{12}} = {\text{T}}_{{23}} = {\text{T}}_{{13}} = 1.4\pi$
Droops	${\text{R}}_{1} ,{\text{R}}_{2}$ ${\text{and~R}}_{3}$	${\text{R}}_{1} = {\text{R}}_{2} = {\text{R}}_{3} = 0.05$
Bias	${\text{B}}_{{1,}} {\text{B}}_{2} {\text{~and~B}}_{3}$	${\text{B}}_{1} = {\text{B}}_{2} = {\text{B}}_{3} = 21$
	${\text{K}}_{{1,}} {\text{K}}_{2} {\text{~and~K}}_{3}$	${\text{K}}_{1} = - 0.72,$ ${\text{K}}_{2} = - 0.33,$ ${\text{K}}_{3} = - 0.24$