Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Reliability assessment of emergency safety barriers based on an intuitionistic fuzzy sets aggregation procedure and subjective safety analysis: a case study

  • CASE STUDIES
  • Published:
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Emergency safety barrier is one of the active technical barriers related to the safety of liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks. However, this study assesses the reliability of emergency safety barriers to help decision-makers understand how they can support decisions to reduce the risks associated with LPG storage. This paper aims to develop an integrated approach that uses an intuitionistic fuzzy sets aggregation procedure, subjective safety analysis, and emergency event tree analysis to handle uncertainty in the reliability assessment of emergency safety barriers. In addition, a case study on the reliability assessment of the emergency safety barriers of the LPG plant in Algeria based on the proposed methodology is provided and carried out to illustrate its effectiveness and feasibility. The results demonstrated the ability of intuitionistic fuzzy sets aggregation procedure and subjective safety analysis to provide highly reliable results and evaluate the reliability of emergency safety barriers. However, the classical event tree analysis does not consider the possibility of assessing the emergency consequences of different accident scenarios. Consequently, it only allows you to estimate the occurrence probability of accident scenarios. The results of this study show that the reliability of emergency safety barriers can be used to estimate the probability of emergency consequences under different accident scenarios, improve reliability, and help prioritize emergency improvement measures. The study provides scientific and operational references for analyzing the emergency consequences of various accident scenarios.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(\tilde{\tilde{A}}\) :

Fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices

\(\tilde{\tilde{r}}\) :

Geometric mean method

\({\tilde{\tilde{w}}}_{i}\) :

Fuzzy weights

\(DTriT\) :

Defuzzified triangular type-2 fuzzy set

\(K\) :

Intermediate variable

\(F({EC}_{1i})\) :

Frequency/year of emergency consequence

\(CFP\) :

Crisp failure possibility

\({S}_{i}\) :

Safety score

\({\mu }_{{S}_{i}}\) :

Description of the safety of the ith corrective action

\({d}_{i1}\left({S}_{i}, poor\right)\) :

Distance between \({\text{S}}_{\text{i}}\) and each of the safety expressions

\({\alpha }_{ij}\) :

Distance between \({S}_{i}\) and each of the defined safety expressions

\({\beta }_{ij}\) :

The extent to which \({S}_{i}\) belongs to the jth defined \({S}_{i}\)

\(A{S}_{i}^{j}\) :

Weighted sum mean of the aggregation score of the ith experts

\(EC\) :

Emergency consequence

References

  • Acarbay C, Kiyak E (2020) Risk mitigation in unstabilized approach with fuzzy Bayesian bow-tie analysis. Aircr Eng Aerosp Technol 92(10):1513–1521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi O, Mortazavi SB, Mahabadi HA, Hosseinpouri M (2020) Development of a dynamic quantitative risk assessment methodology using fuzzy DEMATEL-BN and leading indicators. Process Saf Environ Prot 142:15–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ait Ouffroukh L, Chaib R, Ion V, Khochmane L (2018) Analysis of risk and the strengthening of the safety technical barriers: application of Skikda (Algeria) oil refining complex. World J Eng 15(1):99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shanini A, Ahmad A, Khan F (2014) Accident modelling and analysis in process industries. J Loss Prev Process Ind 32:319–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arici SS, Akyuz E, Arslan O (2020) Application of fuzzy bow-tie risk analysis to maritime transportation: the case of ship collision during the STS operation. Ocean Eng 217:107960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahmed L, Daas S, Chebila M, Aggabou LK (2016) Contribution to multi-criteria evaluation of the impacts of air pollution: case of cement plant (Ain Touta-ALGERIA). Energy Transp Glob Warming 451–461

  • Bubbico R, Lee S, Moscati D, Paltrinieri N (2020) Dynamic assessment of safety barriers preventing escalation in offshore Oil and Gas. Saf Sci 121:319–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley JJ (1985) Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets Syst 17(3):233–247

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Cai B, Li W, Liu Y, Shao X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y (2021) Modeling for evaluation of safety-instrumented systems with heterogeneous components. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 215:107823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celik E, Gul M, Aydin N, Gumus AT, Guneri AF (2015) A comprehensive review of multi criteria decision-making approaches based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Knowl Based Syst 85:329–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SM, Lee LW (2010) Fuzzy multiple attributes group decision-making based on the ranking values and the arithmetic operations of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Expert Syst Appl 37(1):824–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Reniers G, Khakzad N (2019) Integrating safety and security resources to protect chemical industrial parks from man-made domino effects: a dynamic graph approach. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 191:106470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daas S, Innal F (2023a) Failure probability assessment of emergency safety barriers integrating an extension of event tree analysis and Fuzzy type‐2 analytic hierarchy process. Syst Eng

  • Daas S, Innal F (2023b) An extension of the failure mode effects and criticality analysis with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method to assess the emergency safety barriers. Int J Ind Eng Theory Appl Pract 30(2)

  • Daas S, Innal F (2024) Optimization the reliability of emergency safety barriers based on the Subjective safety analysis and evidential reasoning theory. Case study. Int J Qual Reliab Mana

  • Gao J, Zhang H, Wang Q, Min G (2022). Safety risk evaluation of aviation system based on fuzzy evidential reasoning method. In: Sixth international conference on electromechanical control technology and transportation (ICECTT 2021), vol. 12081 SPIE, pp 896–905

  • Gomez MR, Casper S, Smith EA (2008) The CSB incident-screening database: description, summary statistics and uses. J Hazard Mater 159(1):119–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guetarni IH, Aissani N, Châtelet E, Lounis Z (2019) Reliability analysis by mapping probabilistic importance factors into bayesian belief networks for making decision in water deluge system. Process Saf Prog 38(2):e12011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo X, Ji J, Khan F, Ding L, Yang Y (2021) Fuzzy Bayesian network based on an improved similarity aggregation method for risk assessment of storage tank accident. Process Saf Environ Prot 149:817–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo X, Ding L, Ji J, Cozzani V (2022) A cost-effective optimization model of safety investment allocation for risk reduction of domino effects. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 225:108584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han Y, Zhen X, Huang Y, Vinnem JE (2019) Integrated methodology for determination of preventive maintenance interval of safety barriers on offshore installations. Process Saf Environ Prot 132:313–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong Y, Pasman HJ, Quddus N, Mannan MS (2020) Supporting risk management decision making by converting linguistic graded qualitative risk matrices through interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Process Saf Environ Prot 134:308–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innal F, Dutuit Y, Chebila M (2015) Safety and operational integrity evaluation and design optimization of safety instrumented systems. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 134:32–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISO/IEC 31000 (2018) Risk management—guidelines

  • ISO/IEC 31010 (2019) Risk management—risk assessment techniques

  • ISO/IEC 61882 (2016) Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP studies)—application guide

  • Kahraman C, Öztayşi B, Sarı İU, Turanoğlu E (2014) Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Knowl Based Syst 59:48–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang J, Zhang J, Gao J (2016) Analysis of the safety barrier function: accidents caused by the failure of safety barriers and quantitative evaluation of their performance. J Loss Prev Process Ind 43:361–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khakzad N, Khan F, Amyotte P (2013) Quantitative risk analysis of offshore drilling operations: a Bayesian approach. Saf Sci 57:108–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M (2018) An area if-defuzzification technique and intuitionistic fuzzy reliability assessment of nuclear basic events of fault tree analysis. In: Harmony search and nature inspired optimization algorithms: theory and applications, ICHSA 2018. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 845–856

  • Kumar M, Kaushik M (2020) System failure probability evaluation using fault tree analysis and expert opinions in intuitionistic fuzzy environment. J Loss Prev Process Ind 67:104236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laal F, Pouyakian M, Jafari MJ, Nourai F, Hosseini AA, Khanteymoori A (2020) Technical, human, and organizational factors affecting failures of firefighting systems (FSs) of atmospheric storage tanks: providing a risk assessment approach using Fuzzy Bayesian Network (FBN) and content validity indicators. J Loss Prev Process Ind 65:104157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landucci G, Argenti F, Tugnoli A, Cozzani V (2015) Quantitative assessment of safety barrier performance in the prevention of domino scenarios triggered by fire. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 143:30–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilli G, Sanavia M, Oboe R, Vianello C, Manzolaro M, De Ruvo PL, Andrighetto A (2024) A semi-quantitative risk assessment of remote handling operations on the SPES front-end based on HAZOP-LOPA. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 241:109609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marhavilas PK, Filippidis M, Koulinas GK, Koulouriotis DE (2022) Safety-assessment by hybridizing the MCDM/AHP & HAZOP-DMRA techniques through safety’s level colored maps: implementation in a petrochemical industry. Alex Eng J 61(9):6959–6977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masalegooyan Z, Piadeh F, Behzadian K (2022) A comprehensive framework for risk probability assessment of landfill fire incidents using fuzzy fault tree analysis. Process Saf Environ Prot 163:679–693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misuri A, Landucci G, Cozzani V (2021) Assessment of risk modification due to safety barrier performance degradation in Natech events. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 212:107634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onisawa T (1988) A representation of human reliability using fuzzy concepts. Inf Sci 45(2):153–173

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ovidi F, Zhang L, Landucci G, Reniers G (2021) Agent-based model and simulation of mitigated domino scenarios in chemical tank farms. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 209:107476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pouyakian M, Jafari MJ, Laal F, Nourai F, Zarei E (2021) A comprehensive approach to analyze the risk of floating roof storage tanks. Process Saf Environ Prot 146:811–836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramzali N, Lavasani MRM, Ghodousi J (2015) Safety barriers analysis of offshore drilling system by employing fuzzy event tree analysis. Saf Sci 78:49–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rostamabadi A, Jahangiri M, Zarei E, Kamalinia M, Alimohammadlou M (2020) A novel fuzzy Bayesian network approach for safety analysis of process systems; an application of HFACS and SHIPP methodology. J Clean Prod 244:118761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL, Shang JS (2011) An innovative orders-of-magnitude approach to AHP-based mutli-criteria decision making: prioritizing divergent intangible humane acts. Eur J Oper Res 214(3):703–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarvestani K, Ahmadi O, Mortazavi SB, Mahabadi HA (2021) Development of a predictive accident model for dynamic risk assessment of propane storage tanks. Process Saf Environ Prot 148:1217–1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sklet S (2006) Safety barriers: definition, classification, and performance. J Loss Prev Process Ind 19(5):494–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugeno M (1999) Nguyen HT and Prasad NR, Fuzzy modeling and control: selected works of M Sugeno. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun H, Wang H, Yang M, Reniers G (2021) Towards limiting potential domino effects from single flammable substance release in chemical complexes by risk-based shut down of critical nearby process units. Process Saf Environ Prot 148:1292–1303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunindijo RY (2015) Improving safety among small organisations in the construction industry: key barriers and improvement strategies. Proc Eng 125:109–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J (2000) A subjective modelling tool applied to formal ship safety assessment. Ocean Eng 27(10):1019–1035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JBYJ, Yang JB, Sen P (1995) Safety analysis and synthesis using fuzzy sets and evidential reasoning. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 47(2):103–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Yang JB, Sen P (1996) Multi-person and multi-attribute design evaluations using evidential reasoning based on subjective safety and cost analyses. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 52(2):113–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Hu D, Peng C, Zhi H, Wu L (2023) Safety assessment through HAZOP-LOPA-SIL analysis implementation in the DPA demulsifier production process. Process Saf Prog 42(1):38–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Bai Y, Zhao H, Hu X, Cozzani V (2021) A quantitative LNG risk assessment model based on integrated Bayesian-Catastrophe-EPE method. Saf Sci 137:105184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie L, Lundteigen MA, Liu Y (2021) Performance analysis of safety instrumented systems against cascading failures during prolonged demands. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 216:107975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yazdi M (2018) Risk assessment based on novel intuitionistic fuzzy-hybrid-modified TOPSIS approach. Saf Sci 110:438–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yazdi M, Nikfar F, Nasrabadi M (2017) Failure probability analysis by employing fuzzy fault tree analysis. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 8:1177–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yazdi M, Korhan O, Daneshvar S (2020) Application of fuzzy fault tree analysis based on modified fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS for fire and explosion in the process industry. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 26(2):319–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Khan F, Veitch B (2017) A flexible hierarchical Bayesian modeling technique for risk analysis of major accidents. Risk Anal 37(9):1668–1682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan Z, Khakzad N, Khan F, Amyotte P, Reniers G (2013) Risk-based design of safety measures to prevent and mitigate dust explosion hazards. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(50):18095–18108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarei E, Azadeh A, Khakzad N, Aliabadi MM, Mohammadfam I (2017) Dynamic safety assessment of natural gas stations using Bayesian network. J Hazard Mater 321:830–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhen X, Han Y, Huang Y (2021) Optimization of preventive maintenance intervals integrating risk and cost for safety critical barriers on offshore petroleum installations. Process Saf Environ Prot 152:230–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding statement charge.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Research in Industrial Prevention (LRPI), Institute of Health and Safety, University of Batna 2, Constantine N°53. Fesdis, 05078, Batna, Algeria

    Samia Daas

  2. Automatic Laboratory of Skikda, Institute of Applied Sciences and Techniques, Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda, 21000, Algeria

    Fares Innal

Authors
  1. Samia Daas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fares Innal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samia Daas.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Daas, S., Innal, F. Reliability assessment of emergency safety barriers based on an intuitionistic fuzzy sets aggregation procedure and subjective safety analysis: a case study. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 15, 4143–4161 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-024-02365-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-024-02365-0

Keywords