Abstract
The generalized inverse has many important applications in the aspects of theoretic research of matrices and statistics. One of the core problems in generalized inverse is to find the necessary and sufficient conditions of the forward order laws for generalized inverse of matrix product. In this paper, by using the expressions for maximal ranks of the generalized Schur complement, we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the forward order laws \(A_1\{1,3\}A_2\{1,3\}A_3\{1,3\}\subseteq (A_1A_2A_3)\{1,3\}\) and \(A_1\{1,4\}A_2\{1,4\}A_3\{1,4\}\subseteq (A_1A_2A_3)\{1,4\}\).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ben-Israel A, Greville TNE (2003) Generalized Inverse: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Cvetković-IIić D, Harte R (2011) Reverse order laws in \(C^*\)-algebras. Linear Algebra Appl. 434:1388–1394
Cvetković-IIić D, Milosevic J (2018) Reverse order laws for \(\{1,3\}\)-generalized inverses. Linear and Multilinear Algebra. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081087.2018.1430119
Cvetković-IIić D, Nikolov J (2014) Reverse order laws for \(\{1,2,3\}\)-generalized inverses. Appl Math Comput 234(15):114–117
Campbell SL, Meyer CD (1979) Generalized inverse of linear transformations. Dover, New York
Depierro AR, Wei M (1996) Reverse order laws for recive generalized inverse of products of matrices. Linear Algebra Appl 277:299–311
Djordjevic DS (2007) Futher results on the reverse order law for generalized inverses. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 29:1242–1246
Greville TNE (1966) Note on the generalized inverses of a matrix products. SIAM Rev 8:518–521
Hartwing RE (1986) The reverse order law revisited. Linear Algebra Appl 76:241–246
Liu D, Yan H Further results on the reverse order law for \(\{1,3\}\)-inverse and \(\{1,4\}\)-inverse of a matrix product. J Inequal Appl 2010 (Article ID 312767)
Liu XJ, Huang S, Cvetkovic-Ilic DS (2012) Mixed-tipe reverse-order law for \(\{1,3\}-inverses\) over Hilbert spaces. Appl Math Comput 218:8570–8577
Liu XJ, Wu S, Cvetkovic-Ilic DS (2013) New results on reverse order law for \(\{1,2,3\}\) and \(\{1,2,4\}\)-inverses of bounded operators. Math Comput 82(283):1597–1607
Marsaglia G, Tyan GPHS (1974) Equalities and inequalities for ranks of matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra 2:269–292
Penrose R (1955) A generalized for matrix. Proc Camb Philos Soc 51:406–413
Stanimirovic P, Tasic M (2008) Computing generalized inverses using \(LU\) factorrization of Matrix product. Int J Comput Math 85:1865–1878
Rao CR, Mitra SK (1971) Generalized inverse of matrices and its applications. Wiley, New York
Sun W, Wei Y (1998) Inverse order rule for weighted generalized inverse. SIAM J Matrix Anal 19:772–775
Tian Y (1992) The Moore–Penrose inverse order of a triple matrix product. Math Pract Theory 1:64–70
Tian Y (2004) More on maximal and minimal ranks of Schur complements with applications. Appl Math Comput 152:675–692
Werner HT (1992) \(G\)-inverse of matrix products date analysis statistical inference. Eul-Verlag, Bergisch-Gladbach, pp 531–546
Wang G, Wei Y, Qiao S (2004) Generalized inverse: theory and computations. Science Press, Beijing
Wei M, Gao W (2002) Reverse order laws for least squares \(g\)-inverses and minimum-norm \(g\)-inverses of products of two matrices. Linear Algebra Appl 342:117–132
Wei M (1999) Reverse order laws for generalized inverse of multiple matrix products. Linear Algebra Appl 293:273–288
Xiong Z, Zheng B (2007) Forward order law for the generalized inverses of multiple matrix products. J Appl Math Comput 25(1–2):415–424
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Professor Orizon Pereira Ferreira and the anonymous referees for their very detailed comments and constructive suggestions, which greatly improved the presentation of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Orizon Pereira Ferreira.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos: 11771159, 11571004) and the Natural Science Foundation of GuangDong (no: 2014A030313625) and the Training plan for the Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong (no: SYq2014002).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Z., Xiong, Z. & Qin, Y. A note on the forward order law for least square g-inverse of three matrix products. Comp. Appl. Math. 38, 48 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-019-0803-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-019-0803-y