Skip to main content
Log in

Practical RPCG methods for complex symmetric linear systems

  • Published:
Computational and Applied Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigate the restrictively preconditioned conjugate gradient (RPCG) method for complex symmetric linear systems. First, we transform the complex symmetric linear system into an equivalent block two-by-two linear system. Then, by making full use of the real and imaginary parts of the coefficient matrix, we construct a restrictive preconditioner with a parameter and propose a practical RPCG method for solving the complex symmetric linear systems. Finally, we analyze the spectral properties of the preconditioned matrix and give a formula for estimating the parameter. In numerical experiments, we use two examples to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the practical RPCG method for solving the complex symmetric linear systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Algorithm 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no data sets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

  • Arridge SR (1999) Optical tomography in medical imaging. Inverse Prob 15:41–93

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson O, Kucherov A (2000) Real valued iterative methods for solving complex symmetric linear systems. Numer Linear Algebra Appl 7:197–218

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson O, Neytcheva M, Ahmad B (2014) A comparison of iterative methods to solve complex valued linear algebraic systems. Numer Algorithms 66:811–841

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z (2009) Optimal parameters in the HSS-like methods for saddle-point problems. Numer Linear Algebra Appl 16:447–479

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Benzi M, Chen F (2010) Modified HSS iteration methods for a class of complex symmetric linear systems. Computing 87:93–111

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Benzi M, Chen F (2011) On preconditioned MHSS iteration methods for complex symmetric linear systems. Numer Algorithms 56:297–317

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Benzi M, Chen F, Wang Z-Q (2013) Preconditioned MHSS iteration methods for a class of block two-by-two linear systems with applications to distributed control problems. IMA J Numer Anal 33:343–369

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Chen F, Wang Z-Q (2013) Additive block diagonal preconditioning for block two-by-two linear systems of skew-Hamiltonian coefficient matrices. Numer Algorithms 62:655–675

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Golub GH, Ng MK (2003) Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting methods for non-Hermitian positive definite linear systems. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 24:603–626

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Li G-Q (2003) Restrictively preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for systems of linear equations. IMA J Numer Anal 23:561–580

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Pan J-Y (2021) Matrix analysis and computations. SIAM, Philadelphia

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Z-Z, Wang Z-Q (2006) Restrictive preconditioners for conjugate gradient methods for symmetric positive definite linear systems. J Comput Appl Math 187:202–226

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Benzi M (2009) A generalization of the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting iteration. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 31:360–374

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Benzi M, Bertaccini D (2008) Block preconditioning of real-valued iterative algorithms for complex linear systems. IMA J Numer Anal 28:598–618

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Benzi M, Golub GH (2004) A preconditioner for generalized saddle point problems. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 26:20–41

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bertaccini D (2004) Efficient preconditioning for sequences of parametric complex symmetric linear systems. Electron Trans Numer Anal 18:49–64

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bunse-Gerstner A, Stöver R (1999) On a conjugate gradient-type method for solving complex symmetric linear systems. Linear Algebra Appl 287:105–123

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C-R, Ma C-F (2016) AOR-Uzawa iterative method for a class of complex symmetric linear system of equations. Comput Math Appl 72:2462–2472

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C-R, Ma C-F (2018) A generalized shift-splitting preconditioner for complex symmetric linear systems. J Comput Appl Math 344:691–700

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F (2015) On choices of iteration parameter in HSS method. Appl Math Comput 271:832–837

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dehghan M, Dehghani MM, Hajarian M (2013) A generalized preconditioned MHSS method for a class of complex symmetric linear systems. Math Model Anal 18:561–576

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feriani A, Perotti F, Simoncini V (2000) Iterative system solvers for the frequency analysis of linear mechanical systems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 190:1719–1739

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y-M (2014) A practical formula for computing optimal parameters in the HSS iteration method. J Comput Appl Math 255:142–149

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lang C, Ren Z-R (2015) Inexact rotated block triangular preconditioners for a class of block two-by-two matrices. J Eng Math 93:87–98

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li C-L, Ma C-F (2019) Efficient parameterized rotated shift-splitting preconditioner for a class of complex symmetric linear systems. Numer Algorithms 80:337–354

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Yang A-L, Wu Y-J (2014) Lopsided PMHSS iteration method for a class of complex symmetric linear systems. Numer Algorithms 66:555–568

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li X-A, Zhang W-H, Wu Y-J (2018) On symmetric block triangular splitting iteration method for a class of complex symmetric system of linear equations. Appl Math Lett 79:131–137

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liang Z-Z, Zhang G-F (2016) On SSOR iteration method for a class of block two-by-two linear systems. Numer Algorithms 71:1–17

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X-F, Li W (2016) On the restrictively preconditioned conjugate gradient method for solving saddle point problems. Int J Comput Math 93:142–159

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Salkuyeh DK, Hezari D, Edalatpour V (2015) Generalized successive overrelaxation iterative method for a class of complex symmetric linear system of equations. Int J Comput Math 92:802–815

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Schöberl J, Zulehner W (2007) Symmetric indefinite preconditioners for saddle point problems with applications to PDE-constrained optimization problems. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 29:752–773

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Q-Q, Shi Q (2018) A variant of the HSS preconditioner for complex symmetric indefinite linear systems. Comput Math Appl 75:850–863

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll M, Wathen A (2008) Combination preconditioning and the Bramble-Pasciak\(^{+}\) preconditioner. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 30:582–608

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Yan T-X, Ma C-F (2021) A modified generalized shift-splitting iteration method for complex symmetric linear systems. Appl Math Lett 117:107129

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng M-L, Ma C-F (2016) A parameterized SHSS iteration method for a class of complex symmetric system of linear equations. Comput Math Appl 71:2124–2131

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng M-L, Zhang G-F (2015) Parameterized rotated block preconditioning techniques for block two-by-two systems with application to complex linear systems. Comput Math Appl 70:2946–2957

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J-H, Dai H (2016) Inexact splitting-based block preconditioners for block two-by-two linear systems. Appl Math Lett 60:89–95

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J-H, Wang Z-W, Zhao J (2018) Preconditioned symmetric block triangular splitting iteration method for a class of complex symmetric linear systems. Appl Math Lett 86:95–102

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao P-P, Huang Y-M (2020) Conjugate gradient method preconditioned with modified block SSOR iteration for multiplicative half-quadratic image restoration. Calcolo 57:31

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao P-P, Huang Y-M (2021) A restrictive preconditioner for the system arising in half-quadratic regularized image restoration. Appl Math Lett 115:106916

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Z, Zeng M-L, Zhang G-F (2022) A variant of PMHSS iteration method for a class of complex symmetric indefinite linear systems. Numer Algorithms 91:283–300

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fang Chen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supported by R &D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (No. KM202011232019), P.R. China.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

He, SR., Chen, F. Practical RPCG methods for complex symmetric linear systems. Comp. Appl. Math. 42, 264 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-023-02412-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-023-02412-9

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation