Abstract
In this paper, we design and develop a weak Galerkin finite-element numerical method for solving singularly perturbed convection–diffusion–reaction equations with a non-conservation convection term. Many advantages of the proposed method include support for the higher order of convergence and general polygonal meshes. The convergence study for the weak Galerkin algorithm is performed in both the triple-bar norm and the \(L^2\) norm. We achieve an optimal order of convergence of \(\mathcal{O}(h^k)\) in the triple-bar norm and \(\mathcal{O}(h^{k+1})\) in the \(L^2\) norm. Several numerical experiments in a two-dimensional setting are carried out to demonstrate the convergence of our theories.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams R, Fournier J (2003) Sobolev spaces, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Amsterdam
Ayuso B, Marini LD (2009) Discontinuous Galerkin methods for advection–diffusion–reaction problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 47(2):1391–1420
Baumann CE, Oden JT (1999) A discontinuous hp finite element method for convection–diffusion problems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 175(3–4):311–341
Brooks A (1991) Streamline upwind/petrov-galerkin formulations for convection dominated flows with particular emphasis on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 87:364–384
Buffa A, Hughes TJ, Sangalli G (2006) Analysis of a multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method for convection–diffusion problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 44(4):1420–1440
Burman E (2010) Consistent supg-method for transient transport problems: stability and convergence. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 199(17–20):1114–1123
Burman E, Ern A (2007) Continuous interior penalty hp-finite element methods for advection and advection–diffusion equations. Math Comput 76(259):1119–1140
Chen G, Feng M, Xie X (2017) A robust WG finite element method for convection–diffusion–reaction equations. J Comput Appl Math 315:107–125
Deka B, Kumar N (2021) Error estimates in weak Galerkin finite element methods for parabolic equations under low regularity assumptions. Appl Numer Math 162:81–105
Deka B, Kumar N (2021b) A systematic study on weak Galerkin finite element method for second order parabolic problems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.13669
Farrell P, Hegarty A, Miller JM, O’Riordan E, Shishkin GI (2000) Robust computational techniques for boundary layers. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton
Gharibi Z, Dehghan M (2021) Convergence analysis of weak Galerkin flux-based mixed finite element method for solving singularly perturbed convection-diffusion-reaction problem. Appl Numer Math 163:303–316
Guzmán J (2006) Local analysis of discontinuous Galerkin methods applied to singularly perturbed problems
Houston P, Schwab C, Süli E (2002) Discontinuous hp-finite element methods for advection-diffusion-reaction problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 39(6):2133–2163
Huang Y, Li J, Li D (2017) Developing weak Galerkin finite element methods for the wave equation. Numer Methods Partial Differ Equ 33(3):868–884
John V, Novo J (2011) Error analysis of the supg finite element discretization of evolutionary convection–diffusion–reaction equations. SIAM J Numer Anal 49(3):1149–1176
Li QH, Wang J (2013) Weak Galerkin finite element methods for parabolic equations. Numer Methods Partial Differ Equ 29(6):2004–2024
Lin R, Stynes M (2012) A balanced finite element method for singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 50(5):2729–2743
Lin R, Ye X, Zhang S, Zhu P (2018) A weak Galerkin finite element method for singularly perturbed convection–diffusion–reaction problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 56(3):1482–1497
Lin R, Ye X, Zhang S, Zhu P (2018) A weak Galerkin finite element method for singularly perturbed convection–diffusion–reaction problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 56(3):1482–1497
Linss T, Roos H-G, Vulanovic R (2000) Uniform pointwise convergence on shishkin-type meshes for quasi-linear convection–diffusion problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 38(3):897–912
Morton KW (2019) Numerical solution of convection–diffusion problems. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Mu L, Chen Z (2021) A new WENO weak Galerkin finite element method for time dependent hyperbolic equations. Appl Numer Math 159:106–124
Mu L, Ye JWX (2015) Weak Galerkin finite element methods on polytopal meshes. Int J Numer Anal Model 12(1):31–53
Mu L, Wang J, Ye X (2017) A least-squares-based weak Galerkin finite element method for second order elliptic equations. SIAM J Sci Comput 39(4):A1531–A1557
Roos H-G, Stynes M, Tobiska L (2008) Robust numerical methods for singularly perturbed differential equations: convection-diffusion-reaction and flow problems, vol 24. Springer, Berlin
Schieweck F (2008) On the role of boundary conditions for cip stabilization of higher order finite elements. Electron Trans Numer Anal 32(1–16):62
Sharma N (2021) Robust a-posteriori error estimates for weak Galerkin method for the convection–diffusion problem. Appl Numer Math 170:384–397
Stynes M, O’Riordan E (1997) A uniformly convergent Galerkin method on a shishkin mesh for a convection–diffusion problem. J Math Anal Appl 214(1):36–54
Talischi C, Paulino GH, Pereira A, Menezes IF (2012) Polymesher: a general-purpose mesh generator for polygonal elements written in Matlab. Struct Multidiscip Optim 45(3):309–328
Tobiska L (2006) Analysis of a new stabilized higher order finite element method for advection–diffusion equations. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 196(1–3):538–550
Toprakseven Ş (2021) A weak Galerkin finite element method for time fractional reaction–diffusion–convection problems with variable coefficients. Appl Numer Math 168:1–12
Toprakseven S (2022) Superconvergence of a modified weak Galerkin method for singularly perturbed two-point elliptic boundary-value problems. Calcolo 59:1–35
Toprakseven Ş (2022) A weak Galerkin finite element method on temporal graded meshes for the multi-term time fractional diffusion equations. Comput Math Appl 128:108–120
Toprakseven Ş, Zhu P (2023) Error analysis of a weak Galerkin finite element method for two-parameter singularly perturbed differential equations in the energy and balanced norms. Appl Math Comput 441:127683
Wang J, Ye X (2013) A weak Galerkin finite element method for second-order elliptic problems. J Comput Appl Math 241:103–115
Wang J, Ye X (2014) A weak Galerkin mixed finite element method for second order elliptic problems. Math Comput 83(289):2101–2126
Wang J, Wang R, Zhai Q, Zhang R (2018) A systematic study on weak Galerkin finite element methods for second order elliptic problems. J Sci Comput 74(3):1369–1396
Wang X, Gao F, Sun Z (2020) Weak Galerkin finite element method for viscoelastic wave equations. J Comput Appl Math 375:112816
Wheeler MF (1978) An elliptic collocation-finite element method with interior penalties. SIAM J Numer Anal 15(1):152–161
Xie S, Zhu P, Wang X (2019) Error analysis of weak Galerkin finite element methods for time-dependent convection–diffusion equations. Appl Numer Math 137:19–33
Zhang H, Zou Y, Xu Y, Zhai Q, Yue H (2016) Weak Galerkin finite element method for second order parabolic equations. Int J Numer Anal Model 13(4):525–544
Zhou G (1997) How accurate is the streamline diffusion finite element method? Math Comput 66(217):31–44
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, with grant No. IITR/Estt. (A)-Rect. Cell/E-5001 (92)/7746. Also, the third author (Ram Jiwari) is thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, for supporting Project No. MTR/2021/000059.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest, according to the authors.
Data availability
Not applicable.
Additional information
Communicated by Kelly Cristina Poldi.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, N., Toprakseven, Ş. & Jiwari, R. A numerical method for singularly perturbed convection–diffusion–reaction equations on polygonal meshes. Comp. Appl. Math. 43, 44 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-023-02553-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-023-02553-x
Keywords
- Singular perturbation
- Convection–diffusion–reaction equation
- Weak Galerkin method
- Polygonal meshes
- Optimal order