Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Event-detection Algorithm for Border Monitoring on FPGA

  • Published:
International Journal of Fuzzy Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The use of wireless sensor networks to protect sensitive facilities or international borders has recently attracted more and more attention. It has become a high-priority issue in many countries. In addition to the physical fences built for stopping illegal intruders from crossing the border, smart fencing has been proposed to extend intrusion-detection capabilities. Event detection is a central component in numerous wireless sensor network applications. In spite of this, the area of event description has not received enough attention. The majority of current event description approaches rely on using precise values to specify event thresholds. However, these crisp values cannot adequately handle the imprecise sensor readings. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid event-detection algorithm based on two layers of 12-bit-resolution fuzzy logic system is used, which significantly improves the accuracy of event detection. Each sensor node has sensors to improve the precision of the detection system, as well as reducing the false alarm rate especially in a noisy environment. The proposed system was modeled using Matlab and designed using VHDL. The proposed system’s VHDL code has been compared with the Matlab model, which provided very close results to this software-based controller model, and also with two other VHDL-based designs, results of which are also close and comparable to the proposed system. The proposed design is then implemented using a FPGA kit, and the prototype is connected to a graphical user interface. Finally, a testing experiment of this proposed system shows an event-detection ratio capability of 98.4 % and the false alarm ratio of 1.6 %.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mohindru, P., Singh, R.: Multi-sensor based forest fire detection system. Int. J. Soft Comput. Eng. (IJSCE) 3(1), 2231–2307 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hassan, M.M.M.: Current studies on intrusion detection system, genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic. Int. J. Distrib. Parallel Syst. (IJDPS) (2013). doi:10.5121/ijdps.2013.4204

    Google Scholar 

  3. Yun, M., et al., Battle event detection using sensor networks and distributed query processing. IEEE conference on computer communications workshops, 2011

  4. Mohindru, P., Khanna, V., Singh, R.: Forest fire detection: various approaches. Int. J. Emerg. Sci. Eng. (IJESE) 1(6), 2319–6378 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Felemban, E.: Advanced border intrusion detection and surveillance using wireless sensor network technology. IJCNS (2013). doi:10.4236/ijcns.2013.65028

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mohan, S.C., Arulselvi S.: Smartdust network for tactical border surveillance using multiple signatures. IOSR-JECE 5(5), 1–10 (2013)

  7. Bokareva, T., et al.: Wireless Sensor Networks for Battlefield Surveillance. Land Warfare, Brisbane (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shu, H., Liang Q.: Event detection in sensor networks: algorithms and performance analysis. Bi-annual (12/2004–05/2005) Performance/Technical Report for ONR YIP Award under Grant N00014-03-1-0466, 2006

  9. Malazi, H., Zamanifar, K., Dulman, S.: FED: fuzzy event detection model for wireless sensor networks. IJWMN 3(6), 29–45 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Baturone, et al., Embedded fuzzy controllers on standard DSPs. IEEE ISIE, Dubrovnik, 2005

  11. Murshid, A.M., et al.: VLSI architecture of fuzzy logic hardware implementation: a review. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 13(2), 74–88 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Meguerdichain, S., et al. Exposure in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. Mobicom, 2001

  13. Liang, Q., Wang, L.: Event detection in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic system. CIHSPS 2005—IEEE international conference on computational intelligence for homeland security and personal safety, Orlando, 2006

  14. Shu, H., Liang Q.: Fundamental performance analysis of event detection in wireless sensor network. Bi-annual (12/2004–05/2005) Performance/Technical Report for ONR YIP Award under Grant N00014-03-1-0466, 2006

  15. Taeed, F., Salam, Z., Ayob, S.M.: FPGA implementation of a single-input fuzzy logic controller for boost converter with the absence of an external analog-to-digital converter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 59(2), 1208–1217 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumbhar, T.R., Nirmale, S.S., Mudholkar, R.R.: FPGA implementation of fuzzy logic controller for temperature control. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 62(20), 19–23 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ahmed, H.O., et al.: Intelligent Fuzzy Event Detection for Border Monitoring in Noisy Environment. ICEENG-9, Cairo (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Khellfi, F., et al., Fuzzy logic-based hardware architecture for event detection in wireless sensor networks. IEEE world symposium on computer applications & research (WSCAR), pp. 1–4. Sousse, Jan 2014

  19. Al-Aubidy, K.M.: FPGA Implementation of Fuzzy Inference System for Embedded Applications. The Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Website, A.o. Comparing Altera APEX 20KE & Xilinx Virtex-E Logic Densities. https://www.altera.com/products/general/devices/apex/features/apx-compdensity.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Hossam O. Ahmed & Hani Fikry Ragai

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Elkhatib

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt

    Ihab Adly

Authors
  1. Hossam O. Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohamed M. Elkhatib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ihab Adly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hani Fikry Ragai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hossam O. Ahmed.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmed, H.O., Elkhatib, M.M., Adly, I. et al. Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Event-detection Algorithm for Border Monitoring on FPGA. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 18, 1054–1064 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-015-0079-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-015-0079-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation