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Linguistic, cultural, and narrative capital: computational and human readings of transfer admissions essays

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Abstract

Variation in college application materials related to social stratification is a contentious topic in social science and national discourse in the United States. This line of research has also started to use computational methods to consider qualitative materials, such as personal statements and letters of recommendation. Despite the prominence of this topic, fewer studies have considered a fairly common academic pathway: transferring. Approximately 40% of all college students in the US transfer schools at least once. One quirk of the system is that students from community colleges are applying for the same spots for students already enrolled in four year schools and trying to transfer. How might different aspects the transfer application itself correlate with institutional stratification and make students more or less distinguishable? We use a dataset of 20,532 transfer admissions essays submitted to the University of California system to describe how transfer applicants vary linguistically, culturally, and narratively with respect to academic pathways and essay prompts. Using a variety of methods for computational text analysis and qualitative coding, we find that essays written by community college students tend to be distinct from those written by university students. However, the strength and character of these results changed with the writing prompt provided to applicants. These results show how some forms of stratification, such as the type of school students attend, inform educational processes intended to equalize opportunity and how combining computational and human reading might illuminate these patterns.

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A link to the data and code needed to replicate the study is available in the supplementary materials.

Notes

  1. Gender neutral term referring to all people who descend from people across Latin America.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Stanford Institute for Social Science Research and their Community College Research Experience program for helping the team come together. We also thank Ben Domingue and Klint Kanopka for their helpful, consistent feedback for the IMV section. We thank anthony lising antonio and the rest of the Student Narratives Lab for their support and feedback. We thank Melissa Mesinas and Rosalía C. Zárate for contributing to a previous version of this work that was presented at the Association for the Study of Higher Education conference in 2020. Finally, we thank the editors and reviewers for great feedback that helped improve the paper.

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  1. Jasmine Pal and Katelyn M. Moussavian have contributed equally to this work. Author order was determined randomly.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    AJ Alvero

  2. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jasmine Pal & Katelyn M. Moussavian

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Alvero, A., Pal, J. & Moussavian, K.M. Linguistic, cultural, and narrative capital: computational and human readings of transfer admissions essays. J Comput Soc Sc 5, 1709–1734 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00185-5

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