Abstract
There has been no perfect methodology for directional relaying in a series capacitor-compensated double-circuit transmission (SCCDCT) line until now. As it is crucial to protect the SCCDCT line from inevitable fault consequences, intelligent techniques must be employed for immediate fault directional relaying. In this work, a fuzzy expert system (FES) is developed for non-unit protection in the SCCDCT line, due to its capacity for efficient handling of linguistic data. The validity of the proposed methodology is tested by simulating a 400 kV existing Indian SCCDCT network in MATLAB software. The suitable fault zones/sections, phase, and location are identified using a phase angle component, zero sequence component, and Haar wavelet transform currents. The simulations indicate that the proposed methodology is able to correctly detect the faulty section. Also, it precisely estimates the fault distance and classification, as the maximum recorded error and accuracy for faults remain within ± 0.232% and above 99.98%, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the proposed methodology with related protection methodologies clearly demonstrates its superiority. This routine protection methodology is sufficiently rapid, discriminative, enormously reliable, robust, and incredibly responsive for isolating the targeted fault.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- SCCDCT:
-
Series capacitor-compensated double-circuit transmission
- SVM:
-
Support vector machine
- NN:
-
Neural network
- MRE:
-
Maximum recorded error
- MOV:
-
Metal oxide varistor
- MVA:
-
Mega-volt ampere
- R:
-
Resistance
- L:
-
Location
- % X:
-
Degree of compensation
- I:
-
Inception angle
References
Adly, R., Sehiemy, A., Elsadd, M., Abdelaziz, A.Y.: A directional protection scheme during single pole tripping. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 144, 197–207 (2017)
Ahmed, R., Ziad, M.A., Alaa, M.A., Said, A.K., Hala, M.A.M., Shady Abdel, A.H.E.: Enhancing the performance of directional relay using a positive-sequence superimposed component. Electr. Eng. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-019-00896-5
Aleena, S., Praveen, M., Anamika, Y., Almoataz, Y.A.: A non-unit protection scheme for double circuit series capacitor compensated transmission lines. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 148, 311–325 (2017)
Anamika, Y., Aleena, S.: Enhancing the performance of transmission line directional relaying, fault classification and fault location schemes using fuzzy inference systems. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 9(6), 580–591 (2015)
Anamika, Y., Yajnaseni, D., Ashok, V.: ANN based directional relaying scheme for protection of Korba-Bhilai transmission line of Chhattisgarh state. Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst. 1, 1–13 (2016)
Bhalja, B., Maheshwari, R.P.: Wavelet-based fault classification scheme for a transmission line using a support vector machine. Electr. Power Compos. Syst. 36, 1017–1030 (2008)
Chinthamani, B., Rajeena Mol, P.T., Kamini, K.P., Sughashini, K.R.: Fuzzy based control using Labview for MISO temperature process. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 1(2), 108–114 (2012)
Coteli, R.: A combined protective scheme for fault classification and identification of faulty section in series compensated transmission lines. Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 21, 1842–1856 (2013)
Deng, X., Yuan, R., Xiao, Z., Li, T., Wang, K.L.L.: Fault location in loop distribution network using SVM technology. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 65, 254–261 (2015)
Dina Mourad, E.H., Shehab, E.: An enhanced ground fault selection and distance measurement approach for single and double circuit fixed series compensated transmission line. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 187, 1–11 (2020)
Ebha, K., Khushaboo, V., Subhojit, G.: An Improved Fault Detection Classification and Fault Location Scheme Based on Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Networks for Six Phase Transmission Line Using Single End Data Only. Springer Plus (2015)
Ebha, K., Khushaboo, V., Subhojit, G.: A Modular neuro-wavelet based non-unit protection scheme for zone identification and fault location in six phase transmission line. Neural Comput. Appl. 28(6), 1369–1385 (2016)
Ebha, K., Raunak, K., Subhojit, G.: Low cost microcontroller based fault detector, classifier, zone identifier and locator for transmission lines using wavelet transform and artificial neural network: A hardware co-simulation approach. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 81, 346–360 (2016)
Gajare, S., Pradhan, A.K.: An accurate fault location method for multi-circuit series compensated transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 32(1), 572–580 (2017)
Izykowski, J., Rosolowski, E., Balcerek, P., Fulczyk, M., Saha, M.M.: Fault location on double circuit series compensated lines using two end unsynchronized measurements. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 26(4), 2072–2080 (2011)
Jamil, M., Kalama, A., Ansari, A.Q., Rizwan, M.: Generalized neural network and wavelet transform based approach for fault location estimation of a transmission line. Appl. Soft. Comput. 19, 322–332 (2014)
Jena, P., Pradhan, A.K.: Solution to directional relaying for double circuit line. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. pp. 1–6 (2011)
Jiang, J.A., Chen, C.S., Liu, C.W.: A new protection scheme for fault detection, direction discrimination, classification, and location in transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 18(1), 34–42 (2003)
Kang, N., Chen, J., Liao, Y.: A fault location algorithm for series compensated double circuit transmission lines using the distributed parameter line model. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 30(1), 360–367 (2015)
Kavaskar, S., Nalin Kant, M.: A fuzzy rule base approach for high impedance fault detection in distribution system using morphology gradient filter. J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci. 32(33), 177–185 (2020)
Kumar, A.N., Ramesha, M., Jagadha, S., Gururaj, B., Kumar, M.S., Chaitanya, K.: Fuzzy rule-based fault location technique for thyristor-controlled series-compensated transmission lines. IJFIS 21, 391–400 (2021). https://doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2021.21.4.391
Kumar, R., Koley, E., Yadav, A. Thoke, A.S.: Fault classification of phase to phase fault in six phase transmission line using Haar wavelet and ANN. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Network, Noida, India. pp. 5–8 (2014)
Lahiri, U., Pradhan, A.K., Mukhopadhyaya, S.: Modular neural network-based directional relay for transmission line protection. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 20(4), 2154–2165 (2005)
Makwana, V.H., Bhalja, B.R.: A new adaptive distance relaying scheme for mutually coupled series compensated parallel transmission lines during inter-circuit faults. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 26(4), 2726–2734 (2011)
Makwana, V.H., Bhalja, B.R.: A new digital distance relaying scheme for series-compensated double-circuit line during open conductor and ground fault. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 27(2), 910–917 (2012)
Mishra, P.K., Yadav, A.: A single ended fuzzy based directional relaying scheme for transmission line compensated by fixed series capacitor. In: Proceedings of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Cham, pp. 749–759 (2020)
Monalisa, B.: Adaptive distance relay algorithm for double circuit line with series compensation. Measurement 53, 206–214 (2014)
Monalisa, B., Bibhuti, B.P., Ashok, K.P.: Directional relaying for double circuit line with series compensation. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 7(4), 116–121 (2013)
Mou-Lin, J., Ming-Chun, H.: LabVIEW-based fuzzy controller design of a lighting control system. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 17(2), 5 (2009)
Muhammad, S., Faisal, M., Muhammad, A., Abdul, Q.K., Sufi, G., Adil, S.K.: High impedance fault detection and isolation in power distribution networks using support vector machines. J. King Saud Univ.-Eng. Sci. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2019.07.001
Naresh Kumar, A., Sanjay, C., Chakravarthy, M.: Mamdani fuzzy expert system based directional relaying approach for six phase transmission line. Int. J. Interact. Multimed. Artif. Intell. 6(1), 41–50 (2020)
Nawfal, S., Alrazaaq, A., Fakhraldeen Hamid, A.: fuzzy self tuning of DC position control based on LabVIEW. AL-Rafdain Eng. J. 17(4), 73–83 (2015)
Parikh, U.B., Das, B., Maheshwari, R.P.: Combined wavelet-SVM technique for fault zone detection in a series compensated transmission line. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 23, 1789–1794 (2008)
Parikh, U.B., Das, B., Maheshwari, R.P.: Fault classification technique for series compensated transmission line using support vector machine. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 32, 629–636 (2010)
Saha, M.M., Izykowski, J., Rosolowski, E.: Fault location method using measurements of differential relays for parallel transmission lines with series capacitor compensation at both ends. International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection, pp. 1–6 (2012)
Seethalekshmi, K., Singh, S.N., Srivastava, S.C.: A classification approach using support vector machines to prevent distance relay mal-operation under power swing and voltage instability. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 27(3), 1124–1133 (2012)
Sidhu, T.S., Singh, H., Sachdev, M.S.: Design implementation and testing of an artificial neural network based fault direction discriminator for protecting transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 10(2), 697–706 (1995)
Silva, K.M., Dantas, K.M.C., Souza, B.A., Brito, N.S.D., Costa, F.B., Silva, J.A.C.B.: Haarwavelet-based method for fast fault classification in transmission line. In: IEEE-Conference, pp. 1–5 (2006)
Swetapadma, A., Yadav, A.: Directional relaying using support vector machine for double circuit transmission lines including cross-country and inter-circuit faults. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 81, 254–264 (2016)
Swetapadma, A., Yadav, A.: An artificial neural network-based solution to locate the multi location faults in double circuit series capacitor compensated transmission lines. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 4, e2517 (2018)
Tawfik, M.M., Morcos, M.M.: ANN-based techniques for estimating fault location on transmission lines using Prony method. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 16(2), 219–224 (2001)
Ye, L., You, D., Yin, X., Wang, K., Wu, J.: An improved fault-location method for distribution system using wavelets and support vector regression. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 55, 467–472 (2014)
Zin, A.A.M., Saini, M., Mustafa, M., Sultan, A.R., Rahimuddin, S.A.: New algorithm for detection and fault classification on parallel transmission line using DWT and BPNN based on Clarke’s transformation. Neurocomputing 168, 983–993 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, A.N., Sitharamaiah, N. & Chakravarthy, M. Series capacitor-compensated double-circuit transmission line directional relay system using a fuzzy expert system with a Haar wavelet. Iran J Comput Sci 5, 157–166 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42044-021-00097-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42044-021-00097-z