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A New Technique for Network Heterogeneity and Stability in Infrastructureless Environment

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Abstract

Infrastructureless environments in emergency and tactical scenarios need stable ad hoc network setup. Such networks are conveniently formed using readily available smartphones from impacted regions. However, difficulty in intercommunication between popular forms of existing heterogeneous smartphones, viz. 3 G/4 G and 5 G smartphones, results in building multiple homogeneous subnetworks, thereby reducing connections in network and degrading performance. Existing works on network formation have limited heterogeneity handling steps. In particular, there is no proper representation of smartphone heterogeneity; rarely 3 G/4 G smartphones are interfaced to 5 G smartphones in network formation; changing smartphone usage in such interface is rarely addressed. This paper addresses formation of dynamic unified network of heterogeneous smartphones, for which smartphone heterogeneity modeling is first addressed, followed by subsequent use of such model for new ad hoc communication link setup between 3 G/4 G and 5 G smartphones. The contributions of this paper are: (1) A new modeling approach of smartphone heterogeneity in graph representation is proposed, with time-varying edge connectivity of smartphones, joining different homogeneous subsets by selective inter-set edge connections, thereby establishing more connectedness in unified ad hoc network. Increase in connectivity is established through cutset and closeness centrality. (2) The paper further proposes a new approach of raising stability in unified network, through stable link setup between 3 G/4 G smartphones and 5 G smartphones, based on their graph representations. Stability is achieved by establishing steady links and by accommodating changing presence of smartphones in network, with re-setup of new ad hoc links between heterogeneous smartphones in case of disconnected links. The proposed approaches provide improvements in wide reachability and network operational metrics and become suitable for sparse smartphone distribution. Simulation results of the proposed approaches show 1.3–9.6 times improvements in stability and reachability of unified ad hoc network, with at par operational performance.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this work are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. External ad hoc configuration ways of legacy smartphones are available in the literature [26].

  2. Interested readers may be referred to [27] for further details about graph stability.

  3. Widespread applicability of graph centrality measures is found in the literature [28].

  4. Own device configuration and routing information management are detailed in [26].

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, under grants number ECR/2016/002040. The authors like to thank the anonymous reviewers for improving the work to its present form.

Funding

This work was funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (grants number ECR/2016/002040).

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  1. Vipin Kumar Pandey and Suddhasil De have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna, Bihar, 800005, India

    Vipin Kumar Pandey & Suddhasil De

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  1. Vipin Kumar Pandey
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Correspondence to Suddhasil De.

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This article is part of the topical collection “Research Trends in Communication and Network Technologies” guest edited by Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma and Kiran Kumar Pattanaik.

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Pandey, V.K., De, S. A New Technique for Network Heterogeneity and Stability in Infrastructureless Environment. SN COMPUT. SCI. 4, 849 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02209-x

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