Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

English–Vietnamese Machine Translation Using Deep Learning for Chatbot Applications

  • Original Research
  • Published:
SN Computer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, artificial intelligence-based machine translation has been much improved over traditional methods. A machine translator is very useful for translating text or speech from one language to another. Machine translators have replaced the word mechanism in one language for words in another with verbatim translations. However, a good translation should be employed as both a sentence and a word that has a completed meaning in accordance with the context of the relevant sentence. In this paper, we studied English–Vietnamese translation using deep learning methods including recurrent neural network, long short-term memory, gated recurrent units, attention, and transformer. The deep learning-based machine translators were compared based on the test accuracy of the result translation. It was found that the best deep learning-based machine translator model was the Attention mechanism, and the Transformer yielded the second rank.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Tsai C, Lai C, Chao H, Vasilakos AV. Big data analytics: a survey. J Big Data. 2015;2(1):21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-015-0030-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghavami P. Big data analytics methods: analytics techniques in data mining, deep learning and natural language processing. De Gruyter. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781547401567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Vu HHP, Tran VT, Nguyen VN, Dang HV, Do PT. Neural machine translation between Vietnamese and English: an empiracal study. J Comput Sci Cybern. 2019;35(2):147–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gong J, Xu K, Ma Z, Lu ZJ, Zhang QC. A deep learning method for recovering missing signals in transcriptome-wide RNA structure profiles from probing experiments. Nat Mach Intell. 2021;3(11):995–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Minh TN, Meesad P. A study of predicting the sincerity of a question asked using machine learning. In: 5th international conference on natural language processing and information retrieval (NLPIR). 2021. p. 129–134.

  6. Tuan NM. Machine learning performance on predicting banking term deposit. In: 24th international conference on enterprise information systems, vol 1. 2022. p. 267–272.

  7. Tapsai C, Meesad P. Natural language interface to database for data retrieval and processing. Appl Sci Eng Prog. 2020;14:435–46.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Xiang S, Tang J, Yang L, Guo Y, Zhao Z, Zhang W. Deep learning-enabled real-time personal handwriting electronic skin with dynamic thermoregulating ability. Npj Flex Electron. 2022;6(1):59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Luo Z, Zhang J, Fei J, Ke S. Deep learning modeling m6a deposition reveals the importance of downstream cis-element sequences. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Maliyaem M, Tuan NM, Lockhart D, Muenthong S. A study of using machine learning in predicting covid-19 cases. NCloud Computing and Data Science. 2022. p. 54–61.

  11. Minh TN, Meesad P, Ha HCN. English–Vietnamese machine translation using deep learning. Recent Adv Inf Commun Technol. 2021;2021(251):99–107.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chotirat S, Meesad P. Natural language processing with “more than words—BERT’’. Recent Adv Inf Commun Technol. 2021;2021(251):108–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79757-7_11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Calin O. Deep learning architectures: a mathematical approach. Berlin: Springer; 2020.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Xu S, Li J, Liu K, Wu L. A parallel gru recurrent network model and its application to multi-channel time-varying signal classification. IEEE Access. 2019;7:118739–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, Gomez AN, Kaiser L, Polosukhin I. Attention is all you need. In: Proceedings of the 31st international conference on neural information processing systems. 2017.

  16. Aggarwal A, Chauhan A, Kumar D, Mittal M, Verma S, Devlin J. Classification of fake news by fine-tuning deep bidirectional transformers based language model. European Alliance for Innovation (EAI). 2020.

  17. Krishnan S, Magalingam P, Ibrahim R. Hybrid deep learning model using recurrent neural network and gated recurrent unit for heart disease prediction. Int J Electr Comput Eng. 2021;11(6):5467.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Adamopoulou E, Moussiades L. An overview of chatbot technology. In: IFIP international conference on artificial intelligence applications and innovations, vol 584. 2020. p. 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49186-4_31.

  19. Lu Z, Chen Y. User evaluation sentiment analysis model based on machine learning. In: 2nd international conference on consumer electronics and computer engineering (ICCECE). 2022. p. 461–464.

  20. Meesad Phayung. Thai fake news detection based on information retrieval, natural language processing and machine learning. SN Comput Sci. 2021;2(6):425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chotirat S, Meesad P. Part-of-speech tagging enhancement to natural language processing for thai wh-question classification with deep learning. Heliyon. 2021;7(10):08216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dutta N, Kaliannan P, Shanmugam P. Application of machine learning for inter turn fault detection in pumping system. Sci Rep. 2022;12:12960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Popel M, Tomkova M, Tomek J, Kaiser Ł, Uszkoreit J, Bojar O, Žabokrtský Z,. Transforming machine translation: a deep learning system reaches news translation quality comparable to human professionals. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Javidi H, Mariam A, Khademi G, Zabor EC, Zhao R, Radivoyevitch T, Rotroff DM. Identification of robust deep neural network models of longitudinal clinical measurements. Npj Digit Med. 2022;5:106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Renaud N, Geng C, Georgievska S, Ambrosetti F, Ridder L, Marzella DF, Réau MF, Bonvin AMJJ, Xue LC. Deeprank: a deep learning framework for data mining 3d protein–protein interfaces. Nat Commun. 2021;12:7068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen W, Zhichen Y, Simon F. How to build a chatbot : chatbot framework and its capabilities. In: 10th international conference on machine learning and computing. 2018. p. 369–373.

  27. Plunza RA, Zhoua Y, Vintimillab MIC, Mckeownc K, Yud T, Uguccionia L, Sutto MP. Twitter sentiment in New York city parks as measure of well-being. Sci Direct. 2019;189:235–46.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ngoc PV, Ngoc CVT, Ngoc TVT, Nguyen DD, Doan DKL. A valence-totaling model for Vietnamese sentiment classification. Evol Syst. 2019;10(3):453–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Amaar A, Aljedaani W, Rustam F, Ullah S, Rupapara V, Ludi S. Detection of fake job postings by utilizing machine learning and natural language processing approaches. Neural Process Lett. 2022;54(3):2219–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mathematics Department, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Pracharat, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    Nguyen Minh Tuan

  2. Information Technology and Management Department, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Pracharat, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    Phayung Meesad

  3. Software Development Centre, University of Danang, Le Duan, Hai Chau, Danang, 50000, Vietnam

    Ha Huy Cuong Nguyen

Authors
  1. Nguyen Minh Tuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Phayung Meesad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ha Huy Cuong Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nguyen Minh Tuan or Phayung Meesad.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors hereby state that there is no conflict of Interest for this article.

Ethical Approval

Our article is published with the consent of the authors without any dispute and conflict of interest between the authors.

Informed Consent

The images and experimental data are with the permission of the parties involved, there is no dispute or conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the topical collection “Advanced Machine Learning Approaches in Cognitive Computing” guest edited by Kuntpong Woraratpanya and Phayung Meesad.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tuan, N.M., Meesad, P. & Nguyen, H.H.C. English–Vietnamese Machine Translation Using Deep Learning for Chatbot Applications. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02339-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02339-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation