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Robust Design and Intelligent Modelling of Organic-Based Composites for Armoury Applications

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Abstract

The study focused on assessing selected organic fillers’ impact (periwinkle and clam shells) on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polyester composites. The tensile, compressive, flexural and Brinell hardness tests were respectively carried out in accordance to ASTM standards. The methods involved grinding and sieve analysis of the shells, material preparation, and Taguchi robust design aided by Plackett–Burman screening. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis guided composite fabrication. The process control variables were grouped in terms of particles sizes: 75, 150, 425 µm, weight fraction: 5%, 20%, 40% and material thickness: 5, 15, 25 mm. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training was carried out using MATLAB R2013a and the cascade-forward back-propagation architecture while Adaptive network-based fuzzy system (ANFIS) which is a well-known hybrid artificial intelligence model was subsequently applied. The geometrical model of 9 mm FMJ armour piercing ammunition projectile and the armour plate was modeled using a commercial finite element software package (ANSYS v14) suitable for high velocity impact. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) further investigates the deformation, elastic strain, and stress response of clam and periwinkle reinforced composites under ballistic impact. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis (DTA) were deployed to further study the morphology, chemical composition, phase transitions and thermal stability of the optimal material. The results revealed that the clam shell reinforced composite have mechanical responses of 11.038 MPa, 17.07 MPa, 40.2 MPa, and 69.62 N/mm for tensile, compressive, flexural, and hardness strength respectively. While the periwinkle shell reinforced composite has mechanical responses of 16.111 MPa, 17.173 MPa, 39.7 MPa, and 63.57 N/mm for tensile, compressive, flexural, and hardness strength respectively. FEA results indicate decreasing deformation, elastic strain, and stress with increasing material thickness. The investigation carried out indicated the impact of the organic fillers and showed that the new material properties depend on the reinforcement combinations of control parameters.

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Data Availability

The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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  1. Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

    Christopher Chukwutoo Ihueze

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

    Christian Emeka Okafor & Obende Ezekiel Omeiza

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The manuscript was written through the contributions of all authors. CCI was responsible for the conceptualization of the topic; article gathering and sorting were carried out by CEO, and OEO; manuscript writing and original drafting and formal analysis were carried out by OEO, CEO; writing of reviews and editing were carried out by CCI, OEO; and CEO led the overall research activity. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Christian Emeka Okafor.

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Ihueze, C.C., Okafor, C.E. & Omeiza, O.E. Robust Design and Intelligent Modelling of Organic-Based Composites for Armoury Applications. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 832 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03199-0

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