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Emerging Technologies for Global Education: A Comprehensive Exploration of Trends, Innovations, Challenges, and Future Horizons

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Abstract

Emerging technologies (ETs), including artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), robotics, and 3D printing, have greatly impacted education. While these technologies are commonly used in informal learning, their application in formal education remains under explored. This systematic review addresses this gap by analyzing the effective use of these technologies in formal education. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and using bibliometric analysis, this research reviewed experimental studies from the Scopus database (2008–2022). Data visualization tools, including RStudio, VOSviewer, Python, and Microsoft Excel, facilitated robust analysis. The study identifies gaps in technology adoption arising from economic status, infrastructure, and digital literacy challenges. It highlights the benefits of mobile apps and Learning Management Systems (LMS) in enhancing information retrieval, communication, and learning support. Challenges include the need for pedagogical skills, ICT competencies, and information literacy. Additionally, the study explores the potential of adaptive learning technologies and personalized learning environments to transform education by tailoring experiences to individual needs. Effective technology integration in education provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers, highlighting strategies to overcome existing challenges and improve educational outcomes.

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Data Availability

The data used in this research are available upon request. Interested parties can access the dataset by contacting the corresponding author. The dataset includes all relevant documents and information analyzed during the study, ensuring transparency and reproducibility of the research findings. The dataset can be accessed at the following link: https://osf.io/bkzt7/?view_only=1249f34995454824a73ad99df4ba3b58 (12.2 MB).

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Funding

This work was funded by the Institute for Research and Community Service (Indonesia: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat or LPPM) Universitas Negeri Padang, under contract number 1766/UN35.15/LT/2024.

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Agariadne Dwinggo Samala: Conceptualization, methodology, visualization, formal analysis, supervision, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition. Soha Rawas: Formal analysis, validation, writing—review and editing. Santiago Criollo-C: Data curation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. Ljubisa Bojic: Data curation, validation, writing—review and editing. Febri Prasetya: Investigation, resources, writing—review and editing. Fadhli Ranuharja: Data Curation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. Rizkayeni Marta: Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Agariadne Dwinggo Samala.

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Appendix A. Emerging Technologies for Education: A Comprehensive Exploration

Appendix A. Emerging Technologies for Education: A Comprehensive Exploration

figure a

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Samala, A.D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S. et al. Emerging Technologies for Global Education: A Comprehensive Exploration of Trends, Innovations, Challenges, and Future Horizons. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 1175 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03538-1

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