Abstract
This paper presents experimental results for a low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) voltage rectifier realization, employing two differential difference amplifiers (DDA) as active elements.The proposed DDA is based on the recently presented technique named bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate that enables the circuit to work with 1 V power supply voltage, threshold-to-supply (\(V_{TH}\) /\(V_{DD})\) ratio and modulation index factor \((V_{pp.max} /V_{DD})\) equal to 70 and 90 %, respectively. The competitive features of the proposed structure compared with other state-of-the-art circuits are the capability for working under LV supply, with extended common mode voltage range and improved input transconductance. The proposed circuit was designed, simulated, and fabricated employing the Cadence platform and MOS transistors models provided by the 0.35 \(\upmu \)m CMOS AMIS process. The total chip area was 213 \(\times \) 266 \(\upmu \mathrm{{m}}^2\). The provided simulation and experimental results prove the attractive performances of the proposed rectifier topology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Arnaud, C. Galup-Montoro, Fully integrated signal conditioning of an accelerometer for implantable pacemakers. Anal. Integr. Circ Sig. Process. 49, 313–321 (2006). doi:10.1007/s10470-006-9708-y
A.J. Casson, E. Rodriguez-Villegas, Toward online data reduction for portable electroencephalography systems in epilepsy. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 56, 2816–2825 (2009). doi:10.1109/TBME.2009.2027607
P. Corbishley, E. Rodríguez-Villegas, Breathing detection: towards a miniaturized wearable, battery-operated monitoring system. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55, 196–204 (2008). doi:10.1109/TBME.2007.910679
A. Harb, M. Sawan, A SC rectification and bin-integration circuit for nerve signal processing: experimental results, in Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, pp. 264–267 (2003).
F. Khateb, Bulk-driven floating-gate and bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate techniques for low-voltage low- power analog circuits design. AEU Electron. Commun. J. 68, 64–72 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2013.08.019
A. Khateb, S. Bay Abo Dabbous, S. Vlassis, A survey of non-conventional techniques for low-voltage low-power analog circuit design. Radioengineering 22(2), 415–427 (2013)
F. Khateb, W. Jaikla, M. Kumngem, P. Prommee, Comparative study of sub-volt differential difference current conveyors. Microelectron. J. 44, 1278–1284 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2013.08.015
F. Khateb, N. Khatib, Connection of FG MOS and QFG MOS transistors for analogous integrated circuits, National utility model registered by industrial property office in Czech Republic under registration number 23091, for year 2011. http://isdv.upv.cz/portal/pls/portal/portlets.pts.det?xprim=1693188&lan=en. Accessed 28 Dec 2011
F. Khateb, N. Khatib, Connection of FG MOS and QFG MOS transistors for analogous integrated circuits, National patent application registered by the Industrial Property Office in the Czech Republic under registration number 303698, for year 2013. http://spisy.upv.cz/Patents/FullDocuments/303/303698.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2013
F. Khateb, N. Khatib, P. Prommee, W. Jaikla, L. Fujcik, Ultra-low voltage tunable transconductor based on bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate technique, Circuits Syst. Comput. J. 22, 1350073–1/13 (2013). doi:10.1142/S0218126613500734.
F. Khateb, M. Kumngern, S. Vlassis, C. Psychalinos, T. Kulej, Sub-volt fully balanced differential difference amplifier. Circuits Syst. Comput. J., 1550005–1/18 (2014). doi:10.1142/S021812661550005X.
F. Khateb, J. Vávra, D. Biolek, A novel current-mode full-wave rectifier based on one CDTA and two diodes. Radioeng. J. 19, 437–445 (2010)
F. Khateb, S. Vlassis, Low-voltage bulk-driven rectifier for biomedical applications. Microelectron. J. 44, 642–648 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2013.04.009
T. Lu, M. Baker, C. Salthouse, J. J. Sit, S. Zhak, R. Sarpeshkar, A micropower analog VLSI processing channel for bionic ears and speech recognition front-ends, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium Circuits and Systems, pp. 41–44 (2003)
J.M.A. Miguel, A.J. Lopez-Martin, L. Acosta, J. Ramirez-Angulo, R.G. Carvajal, Using floating gate and quasi-floating gate techniques for rail-to-rail tunable CMOS transconductor design. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 58, 1604–1614 (2011). doi:10.1109/TCSI.2011.2157782
N. Raj, A.K. Singh, A.K. Gupta, Low-voltage bulk-driven self-biased cascode current mirror with bandwidth enhancement. Electron. Lett. 50, 23–25 (2014). doi:10.1049/el.2013.3600
J. Ramirez-Angulo, A.J. Lopez-Martin, R.G. Carvajal, F.M. Chavero, Very low-voltage analog signal processing based on Quasi-floating gate transistors. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 39, 434–442 (2004). doi:10.1109/JSSC.2003.822782
B. Rumberg, D.W. Graham, A low-power magnitude detector for analysis of transient-rich signals. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 47, 676–685 (2012). doi:10.1109/JSSC.2011.2179452
S.M. Zhak, M. Baker, R. Sarpeshkar, A low-power wide dynamic range envelope detector. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 38, 1750–1753 (2003). doi:10.1109/JSSC.2003.817599
Acknowledgments
The described research was performed in laboratories supported by the SIX project; the registration number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0072, the operational program Research and Development for Innovation and has been supported by Czech Science Foundation Project Nos.: P102-15-21942S and P102-14-07724S.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khateb, F., Vlassis, S., Kumngern, M. et al. 1 V Rectifier Based on Bulk-Driven Quasi-Floating-Gate Differential Difference Amplifiers. Circuits Syst Signal Process 34, 2077–2089 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9958-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9958-3