Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Robust and Secure Video Watermarking Based on Cellular Automata and Singular Value Decomposition for Copyright Protection

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, watermarking techniques have been under deliberation for their wide variety of applications in various fields. An organization transmits its data through digital communication channels, where the probability of attack is more. To protect the data transmitted through the channel, a novel fuzzy-based digital video watermarking scheme based on Cellular Automata Transform and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for copyright protection is proposed. The proposed scheme adopts a mixture of both cellular automata and SVD, which provides copyright protection with high robustness and imperceptibility for multiple transform planes with high processing speed and data redundancy. Moreover, the confidentiality of the proposed scheme is improved with the help of SVD. The watermarked video is experimented with to prove the strength by extracting the watermark image after applying geometric transformation, noise addition, enhancement, and compression attacks. The quantitative performance analysis, which shows improved robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed method compared to the existing methods, is performed by calculating the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, bit error rate, and normalized cross-correlation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and Materials

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Md. Asikuzzaman, Md.J. Alam, A. Lambert, M.R. Picering, Robust DT CWT-based DIBR 3D Video wWatermarking using Chrominance Embedding. IEEE Trans. Multi. 18(9), 1733–1748 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Md. Asikuzzaman, R.M. Pickering, An Overview of Digital Video Watermarking. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems Video Tech.. 28(9), 1–23 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. V. Ashok Kumar, C. Dharmaraj, Ch. Srinivasa Rao, A Hybrid Digital Watermarking Approach using wavelets and LSB. Int. J. Electrical Comp. Eng. (IJECE) 7, 2483–2495 (2017).

  4. D. Bhowmik, C. Abhayaratne, Quality Scalability Aware Watermarking for Visual Content. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 25(11), 5158–5172 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. S.Dong, J.Li, S.Liu, Frequency Domain Digital Watermark Algorithm Implemented in Spatial Domain Based on Correlation Coefficient and Quadratic DCT Transform, IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Comput. (2016), pp.596–600.

  6. S.K. Habiba, D. Niranjanbabu, Advance Digital Video Watermarking based on DWT-PCA for copyright protection.Int. J. Res. Appli. 4(10), 73–78 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. ImageProcessingplace.com:Imagedatabase,https://www.imageprocessingplace.com/root_files_V3/image_databases.html.Accessed,24 January 2019.

  8. Jet Propulsion Laboratoy: photojournal, https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/new. Accessed, 25 January 2019.

  9. S.Kadu, Ch.Naveen, V.R.Satpute, A.G.Keskar: Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Video Watermarking technique, International Conference on Microelectronis, Computing and Comm. (2016), pp.25–30.

  10. A.Kunhu, K. Nisi, S.Sabnam, A.M.Saeed AL-Mansoori, Index Mapping based Hybird DWT-DCT Watermarking Technique for Copyright Protection of video files, International Conference on Green Engineering and Tech. (2016), pp.1–8.

  11. X. Liu, F. Li, J. Du, R.M. Pickering, A robust and synthesized-unseen watermarking for the DRM of DIBR-based 3D video. Neurocomput. 222, 155–169 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. X.W.Li, S.J.Cho, S.T.Kim, A 3D image encryption technique using computer-generated integral imaging and cellular automata transform. Optik – International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 125 (13), 2983–2990 (2014).

  13. X.W. Li, I.K. Lee, Robust Copyright Protection using Multiple Ownership Watermarks. Optical Soc. Am. 23(3), 3035–3046 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. X.W. Li, S.T. Kim, Q.H. Wang, Designing Three-Dimensional Cellular Automata Based Video Authentication With an Optical Integral Imaging Generated Memory-Distributed Watermark. IEEE J. Selected Topics Signal Process.. 11(7), 1200–1213 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Z.Ma, J.Huang, M.Jiang, X.Niu, A Video Watermarking DRM Method Based on H.264 Compressed Domain with Low Bit-Rate Increasement. Chin. J. Electronics 25(4), 641–647 (2016).

  16. L.Narkedamilly, V.Prasad Evani, S.K.Samayamantula, Discrete Multiwavelet-based Video Watermarking Scheme using SURF. ETRI J. 37, 595–605 (2015).

  17. S.Ponni, S.Dhinakaran, P.SabariAshwanth, P.Dhamodharan: Chaotic Map Based Video Watermarking Using DWT and SVD, International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computation and Tech. pp. 45–49, (2017).

  18. C. Ramya, S. Subha Rani, Rain Removal in Image Sequence Using Sparse Coding, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Heidelberg (2012), pp.361–370.

  19. C. Ramya, S. Subha Rani, A Sparse based rain removal algorithm for image sequences. Int. J. Robotics Automation 29, 1–7 (2014).

  20. C. Ramya, S. Subha Rani, Video denoising without motion estimation using K means clustering. J.Sci. Industrial Res. 70, 251–255 (2011).

  21. Standford 40 Actions:A dataset for understanding human actions in still images, https://Vision.stanford.edu/Datasets/40actions.htms. Accessed, 25 January 2019.

  22. The USC-SIPI Image Database: Image Database, https://sipi.usc.edu/database/. Accessed, 24 January 2019.

  23. J.Upadhyay, B.Mishra, P.Patel, A Modified Approach of Video Watermarking Using DWT-BP Based LSB Algorithm, in International Conference on Information, Communication, Instrumentation and Controls, pp.1–6 (2017).

  24. Y.Wang, Y.Zhao, Q.Zhou, Z.Lin, Image Encryption Using Partitioned Cellular Automata. Neurocomp. 275(c), 1318–1332 (2018).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    C. Priya

  2. Department of ECE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    C. Ramya

Authors
  1. C. Priya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Ramya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Priya.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Priya, C., Ramya, C. Robust and Secure Video Watermarking Based on Cellular Automata and Singular Value Decomposition for Copyright Protection. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40, 2464–2493 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01585-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01585-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation