Skip to main content
Log in

Well-Posedness of Solutions for the Sixth-Order Boussinesq Equation with Linear Strong Damping and Nonlinear Source

  • Published:
Journal of Nonlinear Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The object of this paper is to study a sixth-order Boussinesq equation with dispersive, linear strong damping and nonlinear source by using potential well methods, including the following aspects: firstly, the local well-posedness of the solutions is studied; secondly, the global existence and the finite time blow-up conditions are studied at two different initial energy levels by using the relationship between the initial energy and the depth of the potential well; thirdly, a blow-up condition independent of the depth of the potential well is established and by using of this condition, the existence of blow-up solutions at arbitrary initial energy level is studied; finally, the upper bound estimation of blow-up time and some necessary and sufficient conditions for existing finite time blow-up solutions are established.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barostichi, R.F., Figueira, R.O., Himonas, A.A.: Well-posedness of the “good” Boussinesq equation in analytic Gevrey spaces and time regularity. J. Differ. Equ. 267(5), 3181–3198 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Biler, P.: Regular decay of solutions of strongly damped nonlinear hyperbolic equations. Appl. Anal. 32(3–4), 277–285 (1989)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Biler, P.: Time decay of solutions of semilinear strongly damped generalized wave equations. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 14(6), 427–443 (1991)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bona, J.L., Smith, R.: A model for the two-way propagation of water waves in a channel. Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 79(1), 167–182 (1976)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bona, J.L., Sachs, R.L.: Global existence of smooth solutions and stability of solitary waves for a generalized Boussinesq equation. Commun. Math. Phys. 118(1), 15–29 (1988)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boussinesq, J.: Théorie des ondes et des remous qui se propagent le long d’un canal rectangulaire horizontal. J. Math. Pures Appl. 17(2), 55–108 (1872)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Camassa, R., Holm, D.D., Hyman, J.M.: A new integrable shallow water equation. Adv. Appl. Mech. 31, 1–33 (1994)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Caudevilla, P., Evans, J.D., Galaktionov, V.A.: Gradient blow-up for a fourth-order quasilinear Boussinesq-type equation. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 38(8), 3913–3938 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chae, D., Nam, H.S.: Local existence and blow-up criterion for the Boussinesq equations. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. A 127(5), 935–946 (1997)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.W., Wang, Y.P., Wang, S.B.: Initial boundary value problem of the generalized cubic double dispersion equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 299(2), 563–577 (2004)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Y., Ozawa, T.: On small amplitude solutions to the generalized Boussinesq equations. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 17(4), 691–711 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Christov, C.I., Maugin, G.A., Velarde, M.G.: Well-posed Boussinesq paradigm with purely spatial higher-order derivatives. Phy. Rev. E 54(4), 3621–3638 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christov, C.I., Maugin, G.A., Porubov, A.V.: On boussinesq\(\ddot{{\rm s}} \) paradigm in nonlinear wave propagation. C. R. Mec. 335(9–10), 521–535 (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Constantin, A., Escher, J.: Wave breaking for nonlinear nonlocal shallow water equations. Acta Math. 181(2), 229–243 (1998)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Daripa, P., Hua, W.: A numerical study of an ill-posed Boussinesq equation arising in water waves and nonlinear lattices: filtering and regularization techniques. Appl. Math. Comput. 101(2–3), 159–207 (1999)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Daripa, P.: Higher-order Boussinesq equations for two-way propagation of shallow water waves. Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids 25(6), 1008–1021 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Deift, P., Tomei, C., Trubowitz, E.: Inverse scattering and the Boussinesq equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 35(5), 567–628 (1982)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Escudero, C., Gazzola, F., Peral, I.: Global existence versus blow-up results for a fourth order parabolic PDE involving the Hessian. J. Math. Pures Appl. 103(4), 924–957 (2015)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Esfahani, A., Levandosky, S.: Stability of solitary waves for the generalized higher-order Boussinesq equation. J. Dyn. Differ. Equ. 24(2), 391–425 (2012)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, M., Zhou, J.: Global existence and blow-up of solutions to a nonlocal parabolic equation with singular potential. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 464, 1213–1242 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, L.G.: Large data asymptotic behaviour for the generalized Boussinesq equation. Nonlinearity 21(2), 191–209 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, L.G.: Local solutions in Sobolev spaces and unconditional well-posedness for the generalized Boussinesq equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 8(5), 1521–1539 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, L.G.: Local solutions in Sobolev spaces with negative indices for the “good” Boussinesq equation. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 34(1–3), 52–73 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, L.G., Linares, F.: Global rough solutions to the cubic nonlinear Boussinesq equation. J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 81(1), 241–254 (2010)

  • Ferreira, L.C.F.: Existence and scattering theory for Boussinesq type equations with singular data. J. Differ. Equ. 250(5), 2372–2388 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, I.L., Filho, N.S., Souza, L.C., Toffoli, C.E.: Invariants and wave breaking analysis of a Camassa-Holm type equation with quadratic and cubic non-linearities. J. Differ. Equ. 269(8), 56–77 (2020)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Godefroy, A.D.: Existence, decay and blow-up for solutions to the sixth-order generalized Boussinesq equation. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 35(1), 117–137 (2015)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gui, G.L., Liu, Y., Luo, T.: Model equations and traveling wave solutions for shallow-water waves with the Coriolis effect. J. Nonlinear Sci. 29(3), 993–1039 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Khater, A.H., Callebaut, D.K., Malfliet, W., Seadawy, A.R.: Nonlinear dispersive Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in magnetohydrodynamic flows. Phys. Scr. 64(6), 533–547 (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Khater, A.H., Callebaut, D.K., Seadawy, A.R.: Nonlinear dispersive instabilities in Kelvin-Helmholtz magnetohydrodynamic flows. Phys. Scr. 67(4), 340–349 (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Khater, A.H., Callebaut, D.K., Seadawy, A.R.: General soliton solutions for nonlinear dispersive waves in convective type instabilities. Phys. Scr. 74(3), 384–393 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Khater, A.H., Callebaut, D.K., Helal, M.A., Seadawy, A.R.: Variational method for the nonlinear dynamics of an elliptic magnetic stagnation line. Eur. Phys. J. D 39(2), 237–245 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Komornik, V.: Exact Controllability and Stabilization: The Multiplier Method, vol. 36. Masson, Milan (1994)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kutev, N., Kolkovska, N., Dimova, M.: Global existence of cauchy problem for Boussinesq paradigm equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 65(3), 500–511 (2013)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kutev, N., Kolkovska, N., Dimova, M.: Global existence to generalized Boussinesq equation with combined power-type nonlinearities. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 410(1), 427–444 (2014)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kutev, N., Kolkovska, N., Dimova, M.: Finite time blow up of the solutions to Boussinesq equation with linear restoring force and arbitrary positive energy. Acta Math. Sci. 36(3), 881–890 (2016)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H.A.: Instability and nonexistence of global solutions to nonlinear wave equations of the form \(Pu_{tt}=-Au+{{{\cal{F}}}}(u)\). Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 192, 1–21 (1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H.A.: Some additional remarks on the nonexistence of global solutions to nonlinear wave equations. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 5(1), 138–146 (1974)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Liu, Y., Wu, Q.L.: Spectral stability of smooth solitary waves for the Degasperis-Procesi equation. J. Math. Pures Appl. 9(142), 298–314 (2020)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Chen, M., Zhang, B.: Wellposedness of the sixth order Boussinesq equation with non-homogeneous boundary values on a bounded domain. Phys. D 389, 13–23 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Q., Wu, Y.H., Loxton, R.: On the Cauchy problem for a generalized Boussinesq equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 353(1), 186–195 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Linares, F.: Global existence of small solutions for a generalized Boussinesq equation. J. Differ. Equ. 106(2), 257–293 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Linares, F., Scialom, M.: Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a generalized Boussinesq type equation. Nonlinear Anal. 25(11), 1147–1158 (1995)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lions, J.L.: Quelques méthodes de résolution des problemes aux limites non linéaires (1969)

  • Liu, G.W., Wang, W.K.: Decay estimates for a dissipative-dispersive linear semigroup and application to the viscous Boussinesq equation. J. Funct. Anal. 278(7), 108413 (2020)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., Wang, W.K.: Global existence and pointwise estimates of solutions for the multidimensional generalized Boussinesq-type equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 13(3), 1203–1222 (2014)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.C.: On potential wells and vacuum isolating of solutions for semilinear wave equations. J. Differ. Equ. 192(1), 155–169 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.C., Zhao, J.S.: On potential wells and applications to semilinear hyperbolic equations and parabolic equations. Nonlinear Anal. 64(12), 2665–2687 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.C., Xu, R.Z.: Global existence and blow up of solutions for Cauchy problem of generalized Boussinesq equation. Phys. D: Nonlinear Phen. 237(6), 721–731 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.C., Xu, R.Z.: Potential well method for Cauchy problem of generalized double dispersion equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 338(2), 1169–1187 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.: Instability of solitary waves for generalized Boussinesq equations. J. Dyn. Differ. Equ. 5(3), 537–558 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.: Instability and blow-up of solutions to a generalized Boussinesq equation. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 26(6), 1527–1546 (1995)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.: Decay and scattering of small solutions of a generalized Boussinesq equation. J. Funct. Anal. 147(1), 51–68 (1997)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.: Strong instability of solitary-wave solutions of a generalized Boussinesq equation. J. Differ. Equ. 164(2), 223–239 (2000)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Maugin, G.A.: Nonlinear Waves in Elastic Crystals. Oxford Mathematical Monographs. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, L.E., Sattinger, D.H.: Saddle points and instability of nonlinear hyperbolic equations. Isr. J. Math. 22(3–4), 273–303 (1975)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Pego, R.L., Weinstein, M.I.: Eigenvalues, and instabilities of solitary waves. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 340(1656), 47–94 (1992)

  • Polat, N., Ertaş, A.: Existence and blow-up of solution of Cauchy problem for the generalized damped multidimensional Boussinesq equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 349(1), 10–20 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, R.L.: On the blow-up of certain solutions of the “good” Boussinesq equation. Appl. Anal. 36(3–4), 145–152 (1990)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Seadawy, A.R., Lu, D.C., Yue, C.: Travelling wave solutions of the generalized nonlinear fifth-order KdV water wave equations and its stability. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 11(4), 623–633 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seadawy, A.R.: Solitary wave solutions of two-dimensional nonlinear Kadomtsev-Petviashvili dynamic equation in dust-acoustic plasmas. Pramana J. Phys. 89(3), 49 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seadawy, A.R.: Three-dimensional weakly nonlinear shallow water waves regime and its traveling wave solutions. Int. J. Comput. Methods 15(3), 1850017 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Seadawy, A.R., Manafian, J.: New soliton solution to the longitudinal wave equation in a magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. Results Phys. 8, 1158–1167 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seadawy, A.R., Iqbal, M., Lu, D.C.: Nonlinear wave solutions of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov dynamical equation in mixtures liquid-gas bubbles under the consideration of heat transfer and viscosity. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 13(1), 1060–1072 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Selima, E.S., Seadawy, A.R., Yao, X.H.: The nonlinear dispersive Davey-Stewartson system for surface waves propagation in shallow water and its stability. Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 131(12), 425 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Straughan, B.: Global nonexistence of solutions to some Boussinesq type equations. J. Math. Phys. Sci. 26(2), 155–164 (1992)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Su, X., Wang, S.B.: The initial-boundary value problem for the generalized double dispersion equation. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 68(3), 21 (2017). ((Art. 53))

  • Temam, R.: Infinite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics, vol. 68. Springer, Berlin (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsutsumi, M.: On solutions of semilinear differential equations in a Hilbert space. Math. Jpn. 17, 173–193 (1972)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tsutsumi, M., Matahashi, T.: On the Cauchy problem for the Boussinesq type equation. Math. Jpn. 36(2), 371–379 (1991)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Varlamov, V.V.: Existence and uniqueness of a solution to the Cauchy problem for the damped Boussinesq equation. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 19(8), 639–649 (1996)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Varlamov, V.V.: On the Cauchy problem for the damped Boussinesq equation. Differ. Integral Equ. 9(3), 619–634 (1996)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Varlamov, V.V.: On spatially periodic solutions of the damped Boussinesq equation. Differ. Integral Equ. 10(6), 1197–1211 (1997)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Varlamov, V.V.: On the initial-boundary value problem for the damped Boussinesq equation. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 4(3), 431–444 (1998)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Varlamov, V.V.: Asymptotic behavior of solutions of the damped Boussinesq equation in two space dimensions. Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 22(1), 131–145 (1999)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S.B., Su, X.: Global existence and nonexistence of the initial-boundary value problem for the dissipative Boussinesq equation. Nonlinear Anal. TMA 134, 164–188 (2016)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S.B., Su, X.: The Cauchy problem for the dissipative Boussinesq equation. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 45, 116–141 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.X.: Existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions to the generalized damped Boussinesq equation. Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 1–11, 2012 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.X.: Asymptotic decay estimate of solutions to the generalized damped Bq equation. J. Inequal. Appl. 323, 12 (2013)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.X.: Existence and blow-up of solutions for the sixth-order damped Boussinesq equation. Bull. Iran. Math. Soc. 43(5), 1057–1071 (2017)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.Z., Li, Y.S., Hu, Q.H.: Asymptotic behavior of the sixth-order Boussinesq equation with fourth-order dispersion term. Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 161, 14 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, L.: New wave-breaking criteria for the Fornberg–Whitham equation. J. Differ. Equ. 280, 571–589 (2021)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Whitham, G.B.: Linear and Nonlinear Waves. Pure and Applied Mathematics. Wiley, New York (1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G.Y., Zhou, J.: Global existence and blow-up for a fourth order parabolic equation involving the Hessian. Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 24(4), 12 (2017). ((Art. 41))

  • Xu, G.Y., Zhou, J.: Global existence and finite time blow-up of the solution for a thin-film equation with high initial energy. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 458(1), 521–535 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z.: Initial boundary value problem for semilinear hyperbolic equations and parabolic equations with critical initial data. Q. Appl. Math. 68(3), 459–468 (2010)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z.: Cauchy problem of generalized Boussinesq equation with combined power-type nonlinearities. Math. Method Appl. Sci. 34(18), 2318–2328 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z., Liu, Y.C., Liu, B.W.: The Cauchy problem for a class of the multidimensional Boussinesq-type equation. Nonlinear Anal. TMA 74(6), 2425–2437 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z., Yang, Y.B., Liu, B.W., Shen, J.H., Huang, S.B.: Global existence and blowup of solutions for the multidimensional sixth-order “good” Boussinesq equation. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 66(3), 955–976 (2015)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z., Luo, Y.B., Shen, J.H., Huang, S.B.: Global existence and blow up for damped generalized Boussinesq equation. Acta Math. Appl. Sin. Engl. Ser. 33(1), 251–262 (2017)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R.Z., Chen, Y.X., Yang, Y.B., Chen, S.H., Shen, J.H., Yu, T., Xu, Z.S.: Global well-posedness of semilinear hyperbolic equations, parabolic equations and Schrödinger equations. Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 1–52, 2018 (2018)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, R.Y.: Local and global existence of solutions for the Cauchy problem of a generalized Boussinesq equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 316(1), 307–327 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z.J., Guo, B.L.: Cauchy problem for the multi-dimensional Boussinesq type equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340(1), 64–80 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Qiao, Z.J.: Global-in-time solvability and blow-up for a non-isospectral two-component cubic Camassa-Holm system in a critical Besov space. J. Differ. Equ. 274, 414–460 (2021)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H.W., Hu, Q.Y.: Global existence and nonexistence of solution for Cauchy problem of two-dimensional generalized Boussinesq equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 422(2), 1116–1130 (2015)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: Blow-up for a thin-film equation with positive initial energy. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 446(1), 1133–1138 (2017)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: Global asymptotical behavior and some new blow-up conditions of solutions to a thin-film equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 464, 1290–1312 (2018)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: \(L^2\)-norm blow-up of solutions to a fourth order parabolic PDE involving the Hessian. J. Differ. Equ. 265, 4632–4641 (2018)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: Global asymptotical behavior of solutions to a class of fourth order parabolic equation modeling epitaxial growth. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 48, 54–70 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: Ground state solution for a fourth-order elliptic equation with logarithmic nonlinearity modeling epitaxial growth. Comput. Math. Appl. 78(6), 1878–1886 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J.: Behavior of solutions to a fourth-Order nonlinear parabolic equation with Logarithmic nonlinearity. Appl. Math. Optim. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00245-019-09642-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which improved the original manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Zhou.

Additional information

Communicated by Ram Ramaswamy.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This work is supported by NSFC (Grant No. 11201380).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, J., Zhang, H. Well-Posedness of Solutions for the Sixth-Order Boussinesq Equation with Linear Strong Damping and Nonlinear Source . J Nonlinear Sci 31, 76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-021-09730-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-021-09730-4

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation