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On the application of Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm to the design of microchannel heat sinks

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Abstract

A novel Harris hawks optimization algorithm is applied to microchannel heat sinks for the minimization of entropy generation. In the formulation of the heat transfer model of the microchannel, the slip flow velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions have been taken into account. A variety of materials and fluids have also been evaluated to determine the optimal design of the microchannel. Since the main objective of this paper is to assess the search and exploration ability of the novel Harris Hawks algorithm, results are also benchmarked with those of commonly used particle swarm optimization, bees optimization algorithm, grasshopper optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and dragonfly algorithm. Finally, results are compared to the analytical results and results obtained by the application of genetic algorithms. Results show that the Harris hawks algorithm has a superior performance in minimizing the entropy generation of the microchannel. The algorithm is also more computationally efficient compared to the aforementioned algorithms. Moreover, optimization results indicate that the use of copper for the microchannel and ammonia as the coolant leads to minimal entropy generation and, therefore, is considered as the best design. Considering the poor corrosive characteristics of copper, aluminum as the microchannel material is proposed as an alternative.

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Abbreviations

A :

Surface area of heating (mm2)

C p :

Specific heat of fluid (J kg−1 K−1)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (mm)

f :

Friction factor

G :

Volume flow rate (m3 s−1)

H c :

Channel height (mm)

h av :

Average heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

h fin :

Heat transfer coefficient for base surface (W m−2 K−1)

h base :

Heat Transfer coefficient along fin surface (W m−2 K−1)

Kn:

Knudsen number

K :

Thermal conductivity of solid (W m−1 K−1)

K a :

Thermal conductivity of air (W m−1 K−1)

k ce :

Sum of entrance and exit losses

k eq :

Ratio of thermal conductivity of fluid to solid

K s :

Slip constant

L :

Length of channel in flow direction (mm)

m :

Fin parameter (m−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Total mass flow rate (kg s−1) (the same symbol is used for fin parameter ABOVE)

N :

Total number of microchannels

NuDh :

Nusselt number based on hydraulic diameter

PeDh :

Peclet number based on hydraulic diameter

Pr:

Prandtl number

q :

Heat flux (W m−2)

R :

Resistance (K W−1)

ReDh :

Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter

S gen :

Total entropy generation rate (W K−1)

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

U av :

Average velocity in channels (m s−1)

U s :

Slip velocity (m s−1)

W :

Width of heat sink (mm)

W c :

Half of the channel width (mm)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

α c :

Channel aspect ratio

α hs :

Heat sink aspect ratio

β :

Fin spacing ratio

∆P :

Pressure drop across microchannel (Pa)

η fin :

Fin efficiency

γ :

Ratio of specific heats

λ :

Mean free path (m)

μ :

Absolute viscosity of fluid (kg m−1 s−1)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity of fluid (m2 s−1)

ρ :

Fluid density (kg m−3)

σ :

Tangential momentum accommodation coefficient

σ t :

Energy accommodation coefficient

ζ u :

Slip velocity coefficient

ζ t :

Temperature jump coefficient

a:

Ambient

av:

Average

b:

Base surface

c:

Channel

ce:

Contraction and expansion

conv:

Convective

f:

Fluid

fin:

Single fin

h:

Hydraulic

hs:

Heat sink

in:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

s:

Slip

th:

Thermal

w:

Wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ahmad Abbasi, Behnam Firouzi & Polat Sendur

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  1. Ahmad Abbasi
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Correspondence to Behnam Firouzi.

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Abbasi, A., Firouzi, B. & Sendur, P. On the application of Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm to the design of microchannel heat sinks. Engineering with Computers 37, 1409–1428 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00892-0

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