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An experimental study on the effects of shading in 3D perception of volumetric models

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Abstract

Throughout the years, many shading techniques have been developed to improve the conveying of information in volume visualization. Some of these methods, usually referred to as realistic, are supposed to provide better cues for the understanding of volume data sets. While shading approaches are heavily exploited in traditional monoscopic setups, no previous study has analyzed the effect of these techniques in virtual reality. To further explore the influence of shading on the understanding of volume data in such environments, we carried out a user study in a desktop-based stereoscopic setup. The goals of the study were to investigate the impact of well-known shading approaches and the influence of real illumination on depth perception. Participants had to perform three different perceptual tasks when exposed to static visual stimuli. 45 participants took part in the study, giving us 1152 trials for each task. Results show that advanced shading techniques improve depth perception in stereoscopic volume visualization. As well, external lighting does not affect depth perception when these shading methods are applied. As a result, we derive some guidelines that may help the researchers when selecting illumination models for stereoscopic rendering.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank J. L. Díaz-Barrero and M. Fairén for their valuable contributions and the volunteers who took part in the study. This work was partially supported by the EU FP7 Program under the DIVA project (290277), the Eurostar CAMILIS project, and the TIN2013-47137-C2-1-P and TIN2014-52211-C2-1-R projects of the Spanish Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ViC Group, CRS4, Pula, Italy

    Jose Díaz & Enrico Gobbetti

  2. Visual Computing Research Group, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Timo Ropinski

  3. VIRViG Group, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

    Isabel Navazo & Pere-Pau Vázquez

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  1. Jose Díaz
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  2. Timo Ropinski
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  3. Isabel Navazo
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  4. Enrico Gobbetti
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  5. Pere-Pau Vázquez
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Correspondence to Jose Díaz.

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Díaz, J., Ropinski, T., Navazo, I. et al. An experimental study on the effects of shading in 3D perception of volumetric models. Vis Comput 33, 47–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1151-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1151-6

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