Skip to main content
Log in

Multi-level and multi-perspective visual correlation analysis between general courses and program courses

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Exploring the potential impact of important general courses on program-specific courses in universities can help to improve the entire teaching and learning process for an academic major. However, the large number of courses and multiple factors affecting students’ course grades makes it difficult to reveal and analyze the complicated relationship between the two types of courses only from a single perspective or at a single level. Thence, this paper starts with analysis of historical course grades data within an undergraduate program and then presents an interactive visual analytic system, MVCAS, which is designed to demonstrate and explore the various correlations between these two types of courses at different levels and from different perspectives. The major contributions of this work include: (1) a multi-angle preprocessing of course grades data, including decomposition, extraction and conversion; (2) multiple coordinated analysis views which make it possible to effectively explore the overall, categorical and pairwise course correlations and further link courses with students, instructors and semesters together; and (3) a top-down correlation analysis process for general courses and program ones. The effectiveness and usefulness of MVCAS have been preliminarily demonstrated through a case study, in which the field experts use this tool to investigate different levels of correlations between the focused mathematics and program-specific courses in a computer science major comprehensively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Goolsby, C.B., Dwinell, P.L., Higbee, J.L., Bretscher, A.S.: Factors affecting mathematics achievement in high risk college students. Res. Teach. Dev. Educ. 4(2), 18–27 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bergin, S., Reilly, R.: Programming: factors that influence success. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 37(1), 411–415 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tessema, M.T., Ready, K., Yu, W.: Factors affecting college students satisfaction with major curriculum: evidence from nine years of data. Int. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2(2), 34–44 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hudson, H.T., Rottmann, R.M.: Correlation between performance in physics and prior mathematics knowledge. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 18(4), 291–294 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Malapati, A., Murthy, N.L.B.: Performance of students across assessment methods and courses using correlation analysis. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference in MOOC, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE), pp. 325–328 (2013)

  6. Zhang, Z., McDonnell, K.T., Mueller, K.: A network-based interface for the exploration of high-dimensional data spaces. In: 2012 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, pp. 17–24 (2012)

  7. Huamin, Qu, Chan, Wing-Yi, Anbang, Xu, Chung, Kai-Lun, Lau, Kai-Hon, Guo, Ping: Visual analysis of the air pollution problem in hong kong. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 13(6), 1408–1415 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sukharev, J., Wang, C., Ma, K., Wittenberg, A.T.: Correlation study of time-varying multivariate climate data sets. In: IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, pp. 161–168 (2009)

  9. Qu, H., Chen, Q.: Visual analytics for mooc data. IEEE Comput. Gr. Appl. 35(6), 69–75 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fu, S., Zhao, J., Cui, W., Qu, H.: Visual analysis of mooc forums with iforum. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 23(1), 201–210 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ji, L.E., Gao, F., Huang, K.H., et al.: Visual exploration and analysis of multi-subject correlation of student performance in college courses. J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Gr. 30(1), 44–56 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Romero, C., Ventura, S., García, E.: Data mining in course management systems: moodle case study and tutorial. Comput. Educ. 51(1), 368–384 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ding, S.: The Analyses of Training Quality and Influence Factors for the Undergraduates and Postgraduate. Doctor, University of science and technology of China, Hefei (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Knauf, R., Kinshuk, Takada, K., Sakurai, Y., Kawabe, T., Tsuruta, S.: Personalized and adaptive curriculum optimization based on a performance correlation analysis. In: 2012 Eighth International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems, pp. 655–660 (2012)

  15. Pearson, K.: Liii. on lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Lond. Edinb. Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 2(11), 559–572 (1901)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kruskal, J.B.: Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29(1), 1–27 (1964)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Singh, I., Sabitha, A.S., Bansal, A.: Student performance analysis using clustering algorithm. In: 6th International Conference—Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence), pp. 294–299 (2016)

  18. Elbadrawy, A., Polyzou, A., Ren, Z., Sweeney, M., Karypis, G., Rangwala, H.: Predicting student performance using personalized analytics. Computer 49(4), 61–69 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mazza, R., Dimitrova, V.: Coursevis: a graphical student monitoring tool for supporting instructors in web-based distance courses. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 65(2), 125–139 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gómez-Aguilar, D.A., Hernández-García, A., García-Peñalvo, F.J., Therón, R.: Tap into visual analysis of customization of grouping of activities in elearning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 47, 60–67 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ritsos, P.D., Roberts, J.C.: Towards more visual analytics in learning analytics. In: Proceedings of the 5th EuroVis Workshop on Visual Analytics, pp. 61–65 (2014)

  22. Vieira, C., Parsons, P., Byrd, V.: Visual learning analytics of educational data: a systematic literature review and research agenda. Comput. Educ. 122, 119–135 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Siirtola, H., Räihä, K., Surakka, V.: Interactive curriculum visualization. In: 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation, pp. 108–117 (2013)

  24. Gama, S., Gonçalves, D.: Visualizing large quantities of educational datamining information. In: 18th International Conference on Information Visualisation, pp. 102–107 (2014)

  25. Raji, M., Duggan, J., DeCotes, B., Huang, J., Vander Zanden, B.T.: Modeling and visualizing student flow. IEEE Transactions on Big Data(Early Access). (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2018.2840986

  26. Wortman, D., Rheingans, P., Rheingans, P.: Visualizing trends in student performance across computer science courses. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 39(1), 430–434 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pryke, A., Mostaghim, S., Nazemi, A.: Heatmap visualization of population based multi objective algorithms. In: International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization, pp. 361–375 (2007)

  28. Inselberg, A.: The plane with parallel coordinates. Vis. Computer. 1(2), 69–91 (1985)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Gratzl, S., Gehlenborg, N., Lex, A., Pfister, H., Streit, M.: Domino: extracting, comparing, and manipulating subsets across multiple tabular datasets. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 20(12), 2023–2032 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tableau software. http://www.tableausoftware.com. Accessed 15 May 2019

  31. Tibco spotfire. https://www.tibco.com/products/tibco-spotfire. Accessed 15 May 2019

  32. Few, S.: Show me the Numbers: Designing Tables and Graphs to Enlighten, 2nd edn. Analytics Press, USA (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Keim, D.A., Hao, M.C., Dayal, U.: Hierarchical pixel bar charts. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 8(3), 255–269 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Li, J., Martens, J.B., van Wijk, J.J.: Judging correlation from scatterplots and parallel coordinate plots. Inf. Vis. 9(1), 13–30 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yan, C.W., Qian, Z., Feng, L., Chi, K.G., Seah, H.S.: Polarviz: a discriminating visualization and visual analytics tool for high-dimensional data. Vis. Comput. 35(11), 1567–1582 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Viégas, F.B., Wattenberg, M.: Timelines: Tag clouds and the case for vernacular visualization. Interactions 15(4), 49–52 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Collins, C., Carpendale, S., Penn, G.: Docuburst: Visualizing document content using language structure. Comput. Gr. Forum 28(3), 1039–1046 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tufte, E.R.: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, 2nd edn. Graphics Press, Cheshire (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Albo, Y., Lanir, J., Bak, P., Rafaeli, S.: Off the radar: Comparative evaluation of radial visualization solutions for composite indicators. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22(1), 569–578 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Byron, L., Wattenberg, M.: Stacked graphs - geometry aesthetics. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 14(6), 1245–1252 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang, Z., McDonnell, K.T., Zadok, E., Mueller, K.: Visual correlation analysis of numerical and categorical data on the correlation map. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 21(2), 289–303 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ghoniem, M., Fekete, J.D., Castagliola, P.: On the readability of graphs using node-link and matrix-based representations: a controlled experiment and statistical analysis. Inf. Vis. 4(2), 114–135 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Henry, N., Fekete, J.: Matrixexplorer: a dual-representation system to explore social networks. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 12(5), 677–684 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Bostock, M., Ogievetsky, V., Heer, J.: \(\text{ D }^3\) data-driven documents. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17(12), 2301–2309 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Munzner, T.: A nested model for visualization design and validation. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 15(6), 921–928 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Mühlbacher, T., Piringer, H.: A partition-based framework for building and validating regression models. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(12), 1962–1971 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Isenberg, T., Isenberg, P., Chen, J., Sedlmair, M., Möller, T.: A systematic review on the practice of evaluating visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(12), 2818–2827 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60873093). We further thank all anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lianen Ji.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60873093).

Conflict of interest

Lianen Ji declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yaming Yuan declares that he has no conflict of interest. Fang Gao declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (mp4 98763 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ji, L., Yuan, Y. & Gao, F. Multi-level and multi-perspective visual correlation analysis between general courses and program courses. Vis Comput 37, 477–495 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01818-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01818-4

Keywords

Navigation