Skip to main content
Log in

Formal semantics of modular time refinement in AutoFocus

  • Special Issue Paper
  • Published:
Computer Science - Research and Development

Abstract

Modern automobile embedded systems form highly complex distributed networks of electronic control units (ECUs). Model-based development is a widespread approach to tackle this complexity. AutoFocus is a CASE tool prototype aiming at formally sound model-based development of embedded systems. A model is hierarchically composed of components that communicate over typed channels. AutoFocus has a robust and plain formal semantics: communication and execution are synchronised by a global clock for all components. In this article we present an extension of the AutoFocus semantics allowing time refinement of components. It enables a simpler modularisation of systems, a better structuring of behaviour specifications, and a better mapping to the target platform of real embedded systems. At the same time, it maintains the advantages of fixed clocking of the AutoFocus semantics, such as strong causality and guaranteed termination of computation steps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. SCADE Suite. http://www.esterel-technologies.com/products/scade-suite/

  2. The ASCET Product Family. http://www.etas.com/en/products/ascet_software_products.php

  3. Angermann A, Beuschel M, Rau M (2005) Matlab–simulink–stateflow. Oldenbourg, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  4. von der Beeck M (1994) A comparison of statecharts variants. In: Langmaack H, de Roever WP, Vytopil J (eds) Formal techniques in real-time and fault-tolerant systems (FTRTFT ’94), Third international symposium organized jointly with the working group provably correct systems—ProCoS, proceedings. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 863. Springer, Berlin, pp 128–148

    Google Scholar 

  5. Broy M (2009) Relating time and causality in interactive distributed systems. In: Broy M, Sitou W, Hoare T (eds) Engineering methods and tools for software safety and security. Proceedings of the NATO advanced study institute on engineering methods and tools for software safety and security, Marktoberdorf, Germany, 5–17 August 2008. NATO science for peace and security series—D: Information and communication security, vol 22. IOS Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  6. Broy M, Stølen K (2001) Specification and development of interactive systems: focus on streams, interfaces, and refinement. Springer, Berlin

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Caspi P, Pilaud D, Halbwachs N, Plaice J (1987) LUSTRE: a declarative language for programming synchronous systems. In: POPL ’87: proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on principles of programming languages. ACM, New York, pp 178–188

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Frischkorn HG (2003) IT im Automobil – Innovationsfeld der Zukunft (IT in Automobiles—Innovation Field of the Future). Invited Workshop Keynote, Automotive Software Engineering and Concepts, INFORMATIK 2003. In: 33. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) (33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computer Science (registered association))

    Google Scholar 

  9. Grimm K (2003) Software technology in an automotive company—major challenges. IEEE Comput Soc, Los Alamitos, pp 498–505

    Google Scholar 

  10. Guernic PL, Talpin JP, Lann JCL (2003) POLYCHRONY for system design. J Circuits Syst Comput 12(3):261–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Harel D (1987) Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Sci Comput Program 8(3):231–274

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Harel D, Kugler H (2004) The Rhapsody semantics of statecharts (or, on the executable core of the UML)—preliminary version. In: Ehrig H, Damm W, Desel J, Große-Rhode M, Reif W, Schnieder E, Westkämper E (eds) SoftSpez final report: integration of software specification techniques for applications in engineering, priority program SoftSpez of the German research foundation (DFG), Final report. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3147. Springer, Berlin, pp 325–354

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hertel G (2006) Mercer-Studie Autoelektronik—Elektronik setzt die Impulse im Auto (Mercer study car electronics—electronics sets impulses in the car). http://www.oliverwyman.com/de/pdf-files/ManSum_Elektronikstudiedig.pdf

  14. Huber F, Schätz B, Einert G (1997) Consistent graphical specification of distributed systems. In: Fitzgerald J, Jones CB, Lucas P (eds) FME ’97: industrial applications and strengthened foundations of formal methods, 4th international symposium of formal methods Europe, proceedings. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1313. Springer, Berlin, pp 122–141

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Huber F, Schätz B, Schmidt A, Spies K (1996) AutoFocus—a tool for distributed systems specification. In: Jonsson B, Parrow J (eds) Formal techniques in real-time and fault-tolerant systems, 4th international symposium, FTRTFT’96, proceedings. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1135. Springer, Berlin, pp 467–470

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Pretschner A, Broy M, Krüger IH, Stauner T (2007) Software engineering for automotive systems: a roadmap. In: FOSE 2007: 29th international conference on software engineering (ICSE 2007), future of software engineering. IEEE Comput Soc, Los Alamitos, pp 55–71

    Google Scholar 

  17. Reinfrank M (2006) Why is automotive software so valuable?: or 5000 lines of code for a cup of gasoline less (Keynote Talk). In: SEAS 2006: proceedings of the 3rd international ICSE workshop on software engineering for automotive systems. ACM, New York, pp 3–4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Scaife N, Sofronis C, Caspi P, Tripakis S, Maraninchi F (2004) Defining and translating a “safe” subset of simulink/stateflow into Lustre. In: Buttazzo GC (ed) EMSOFT 2004, proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on embedded software. ACM, New York, pp 259–268

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Shiple TR, Berry G, Touati H (1996) Constructive analysis of cyclic circuits. In: EDTC 1996: Proceedings of the 1996 European conference on design and test. IEEE Comput Soc, Los Alamitos, p 328

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Trachtenherz D (2011) AutoFocus streams processing for single-clocking and multi-clocking semantics. In: Klein G, Nipkow T, Paulson L (eds) The archive of formal proofs. http://afp.sourceforge.net/entries/AutoFocus-Stream.shtml. ISSN 2150-914x

    Google Scholar 

  21. Trachtenherz D (2009) Ausführungssemantik von AutoFocus-Modellen: Isabelle/HOL/Formalisierung und Äquivalenzbeweis (Execution semantics of autofocus models: Isabelle/HOL formalisation and equivalence proof). Technical Report TUM-I0903, Institut für Informatik, Technische Universität München

  22. Trachtenherz D (2009) Eigenschaftsorientierte Beschreibung der logischen Architektur eingebetteter Systeme (Property-oriented description of logical architecture of embedded systems). Ph.D. thesis, Institut für Informatik Technische Universität München

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Trachtenherz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Trachtenherz, D. Formal semantics of modular time refinement in AutoFocus . Comput Sci Res Dev 28, 45–64 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-011-0148-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-011-0148-2

Keywords

Navigation