Skip to main content
Log in

DrACO: Discovering available cloud offerings

  • Special Issue Paper
  • Published:
Computer Science - Research and Development

Abstract

Current cloud technologies suffer from a lack of standardisation, with different providers offering similar resources in a different manner. The aim of this work is to contribute overcoming such heterogeneity, by showing how the OASIS TOSCA standard can be exploited to provide a standard-based representation of the virtual machines and platforms offered by IaaS and PaaS cloud providers. We also present DrACO, an open-source prototype tool that permits to look-up for cloud offerings and to retrieve them in a standardised TOSCA format.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. A more detailed, self-contained introduction to TOSCA can be found in [9].

  2. The YAML file containing all TOSCA type definitions exploited throughout this section is available online at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/di-unipi-socc/DrACO/master/discoverer-gui/public/definitions/draco-types.tosca.

  3. Location policies for TOSCA were first defined by Waizenegger et al. [23]. We hereby adapt them to the TOSCA Simple Profile in YAML.

  4. If no version is specified, this means that all versions of a software distribution/storage system are supported.

  5. Source code publicly available at https://github.com/di-unipi-socc/DrACO.

  6. http://www.dropwizard.io/.

  7. The GUI is publicly available at http://seaclouds.di.unipi.it/draco.html.

  8. The deployment of TOSCA-based applications over IaaS and/or PaaS offerings automatically discovered by DrACO has been successfully experimented in the scope of the SeaClouds project [3].

References

  1. Ardagna D, Di Nitto E, Casale G, Petcu D, Mohagheghi P, Mosser S, Matthews P, et al. (2012) MODAClouds: a model-driven approach for the design and execution of applications on multiple clouds. In: 4th International workshop on modeling in software engineering, IEEE Press, pp 50–56

  2. Armbrust M, Fox A, Griffith R, Joseph AD, Katz R, Konwinski A, Lee G, Patterson D, Rabkin A, Stoica I, Zaharia M (2010) A view of cloud computing. Commun ACM 53(4):50–58. doi:10.1145/1721654.1721672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Barrientos M, Carrasco J, Cubo J, Nitto ED, Guerriero M, Pérez AN, Oriol M, Pérez D, Sosa R, Turli A, Zenzaro S (2015) D5.1.3—final integrated platform. SeaClouds Project. http://seaclouds-project.eu/content/d513-final-integrated-platform

  4. Binz T, Breitenbcher U, Kopp O, Leymann F (2013a) Automated discovery and maintenance of enterprise topology graphs. In: 6th International conference on service-oriented computing and applications, IEEE, pp 126–134. doi:10.1109/SOCA.2013.29

  5. Binz T, Breitenbücher U, Haupt F, Kopp O, Leymann F, Nowak A, Wagner S (2013b) OpenTOSCA—a runtime for TOSCA-based cloud applications. Service-oriented computing, Springer, LNCS, vol 8274, pp 692–695

  6. Brogi A, Soldani J (2013) Matching cloud services with TOSCA. In: Canal C, Villari M (eds) Advances in service-oriented and cloud computing, CCIS, vol 393, Springer, pp 218–232. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45364-9_18

  7. Brogi A, Soldani J (2016) Finding available services in TOSCA-compliant clouds. Sci Comput Program 115-116:177–198. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2015.09.004 (Special Section on Foundations of Coordination Languages and Software (FOCLASA 2012), Special Section on Foundations of Coordination Languages and Software (FOCLASA 2013))

  8. Brogi A, Ibrahim A, Soldani J, Carrasco J, Cubo J, Pimentel E, D’Andria F (2014a) Seaclouds: a European project on seamless management of multi-cloud applications. SIGSOFT Softw Eng Notes 39(1):1–4. doi:10.1145/2557833.2557844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Brogi A, Soldani J, Wang P (2014b) TOSCA in a nutshell: promises and perspectives. In: Villari M, Zimmermann W, Lau KK (eds) Service-oriented and cloud computing, Springer, LNCS, vol. 8745, pp. 171–186. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44879-3_13

  10. Cardoso J, Binz T, Breitenbücher U, Kopp O, Leymann F (2013) Cloud computing automation: integrating usdl and tosca. In: 25th International conference on advanced information systems engineering, Springer, CAiSE, pp 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38709-8_1

  11. CloudHarmony Inc (2016) CloudHarmony: transparency for the cloud. https://cloudharmony.com. Accessed 11 March 2016

  12. Fehling C, Leymann F, Retter R, Schupeck W, Arbitter P (2014) Cloud computing patterns: fundamentals to design, build, and manage cloud applications. Springer

  13. Ferry N, Rossini A, Chauvel F, Morin B, Solberg A (2013) Towards model-driven provisioning, deployment, monitoring, and adaptation of multi cloud systems. In: 6th International conference on cloud computing (CLOUD), IEEE, pp 887–894

  14. Goscinski A, Brock M (2010) Toward dynamic and attribute based publication, discovery and selection for cloud computing. Future Gener Comput Syst 26(7):947–970. doi:10.1016/j.future.2010.03.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hirmer P, Breitenbücher U, Binz T, Leymann F (2014) Automatic topology completion of tosca-based cloud applications. In: INFORMATIK 2014, Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI), LNI, vol 232, pp 235–246

  16. Kolb S, Wirtz G (2014) Towards application portability in platform as a service. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 8th International symposium on service oriented system engineering, IEEE Computer Society, SOSE ’14, pp 218–229

  17. Kopp O, Binz T, Breitenbücher U, Leymann F (2013) Winery—modeling tool for TOSCA-based cloud applications. In: 11th International conference on service oriented computing, Springer

  18. OASIS (2013a) Topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications. http://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/TOSCA/v1.0/TOSCA-v1.0.pdf

  19. OASIS (2013b) Topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications (TOSCA) primer. http://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/tosca-primer/v1.0/tosca-primer-v1.0.pdf

  20. OASIS (2016) TOSCA simple profile in YAML. http://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML/v1.0/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML-v1.0.pdf

  21. Soldani J, Binz T, Breitenbücher U, Leymann F, Brogi A (2016) ToscaMart: a method for adapting and reusing cloud applications. J Syst Softw 113:395–406. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. University of Bamberg (2016) PaaSify. http://www.paasify.it. Accessed 11 March 2016

  23. Waizenegger T, Wieland M, Binz T, Breitenbücher U, Haupt F, Kopp O, Leymann F, Mitschang B, Nowak A, Wagner S (2013) Policy4TOSCA: a policy-aware cloud service provisioning approach to enable secure cloud computing. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems, Springer, Berlin. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41030-7_26

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been partly supported by the EU project SeaClouds (EU-FP7-ICT-610531), and by the project Through the fog (PRA_2016_64) funded by the University of Pisa. We would like to thank Antonio Cisternino (who contributed designing DrACO ’s GUI), Simone Zenzaro (who contributed to the SeaClouds platform), and Ahmad Ibrahim (for his comments on a preliminary version of this manuscript).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Brogi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Brogi, A., Cifariello, P. & Soldani, J. DrACO: Discovering available cloud offerings. Comput Sci Res Dev 32, 269–279 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-016-0332-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-016-0332-5

Keywords

Navigation