Skip to main content
Log in

Variable-structure backstepping controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with actuator nonlinearities based on adaptive fuzzy system

  • Foundations
  • Published:
Soft Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a novel robust adaptive fuzzy control is presented for a quite general class of multivariable nonlinear systems with actuators’ nonlinearities (saturation with dead zone) and uncertain dynamics. The backstepping concept in combination with the variable-structure control framework and Lyapunov approach is used to design this adaptive fuzzy control. The fuzzy systems are incorporated in the controller for approximating online the unknown system dynamics. In the controller design and stability analysis, the control gain matrices, which are not necessarily symmetric and definite, are decomposed via the so-called SDU matrix decomposition lemma into a product of three main useful matrices, namely a symmetric definite-positive matrix, a diagonal constant matrix with + 1 or − 1 in its main diagonal and a unity upper triangular matrix. It is shown that the proposed adaptive fuzzy control is able to ensure the uniform ultimate boundedness of all solutions of the closed-loop system, as well as the convergence of the underlying tracking errors. Finally, in a numerical simulation framework, the effectiveness of the presented controller is illustrated on two practical examples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Boulkroune A, M’Saad M (2011) A fuzzy adaptive variable-structure control scheme for uncertain chaotic MIMO systems with sector nonlinearities and dead-zones. Expert Syst Appl 38(12):14744–14750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, Tadjine M, M’Saad M, Farza M (2008a) Unified approach for design of indirect adaptive output-feedback fuzzy controller. Intell Syst Technol Appl 5(1–2):83–103

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, Tadjine M, M’Saad M, Farza M (2008b) How to design a fuzzy adaptive control based on observers for uncertain affine nonlinear systems. Fuzzy Sets Syst 159(8):926–948

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, Tadjine M, M’Saad M, Farza M (2009) Adaptive fuzzy controller for non-affine systems with zero dynamics. Int J Syst Sci 40(4):367–382

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, M’Saad M, Chekireb H (2010a) Design of a fuzzy adaptive controller for MIMO nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown actuator nonlinearities and unknown control direction. Inf Sci 180(24):5041–5059

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, Tadjine M, M’Saad M, Farza M (2010b) Fuzzy adaptive controller for MIMO nonlinear systems with known and unknown control direction. Fuzzy Sets Syst 161(3):797–820

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, M’Saad M, Farza M (2011) Adaptive fuzzy controller for multivariable nonlinear state time-varying delay systems subject to input nonlinearities. Fuzzy Sets Syst 164(1):45–65

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, M’Saad M, Farza M (2012) Fuzzy approximation-based indirect adaptive controller for multi-input multi-output non-affine systems with unknown control direction. IET Control Theory Appl 6(17):2619–2629

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, Msaad M, Farza M (2014) State and output feedback fuzzy variable structure controllers for multivariable nonlinear systems subject to input nonlinearities. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 71:539–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulkroune A, M’saad M, Farza M (2017) Adaptive fuzzy system-based variable-structure controller for multivariable nonaffine nonlinear uncertain systems subject to actuator nonlinearities. Neural Comput Appl 28(11):3371–3384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bounar N, Boulkroune A, Boudjema F (2014) Adaptive fuzzy control of doubly-fed induction machine. J Control Eng Appl Inform 16(2):98–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Tao G (2016) Adaptive fault-tolerant control of uncertain nonlinear large-scale systems with unknown dead zone. IEEE Trans Cybern 46(8):1851–1862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Ge SS, How BVE (2010) Robust adaptive neural network control for a class of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with input nonlinearities. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 21(5):796–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell J, Polycarpou M, Sharma M (2004) On-line approximation based control of uncertain nonlinear systems with magnitude, rate and bandwidth constraints on the states and actuators. In: Proceedings of the American control conference. IEEE, Boston, Ma, USA, vol 3, pp 2557–2562

  • Farrell J, Sharma M, Polycarpou M (2005) Backstepping-based flight control with adaptive function approximation. J Guid Control Dyn 28(6):1089–1102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gambler A (2004) Multivariable adaptive state-space control: a survey. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 5th Asian control conference, vol 1, pp 185–191

  • Haddad M, Boulkroune A (2016) Adaptive fuzzy system-based variable-structure controller for uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems subject to actuator nonlinearities. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on modelling, identification and control (ICMIC). IEEE, pp 1002–1019

  • Hsu L, Costa RR, Lizarralde F (2007) Lyapunov/passivity-based adaptive control of relative degree two MIMO systems with an application to visual servoing. IEEE Trans Autom Control 52(2):364–371

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hu QL, Ma GF, Xie LH (2008) Robust and adaptive variable structure output feedback control of uncertain systems with input nonlinearity. Automatica 44(2):552–559

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hu C, Yao B, Wang Q (2013) Performance-oriented adaptive robust control of a class of nonlinear systems preceded by unknown dead zone with comparative experimental results. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 18(1):178–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humusoft (2002) CE 150 helicopter model, user’s manual. Humusoft, Prague

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni A (2011) Wavelet based control for a class of delayed nonlinear systems with input constraints. Expert Syst Appl 38(3):1993–1998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labiod S, Guerra TM (2007) Direct adaptive fuzzy control of a class of nonlinear systems with input saturation. IFAC Proc 40(21):169–174

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lai G, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Chen CP (2016) Adaptive fuzzy tracking control of nonlinear systems with asymmetric actuator backlash based on a new smooth inverse. IEEE Trans Cybern 46(6):1250–1262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Tong S (2014) Adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control of pure-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown dead zone. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 22(5):1341–1347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Tong S, Li T (2013) Direct adaptive fuzzy backstepping control of uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation. Neural Comput Appl 23(5):1207–1216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Tong S, Li T (2014) Adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control for output constrained nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation. Fuzzy Sets Syst 248:138–155

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Tong S, Li T (2015) Observer-based adaptive fuzzy tracking control of MIMO stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown control direction and unknown dead-zones. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(4):1228–1241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Tong S, Li T (2016) Hybrid fuzzy adaptive output feedback control design for uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with time-varying delays and input saturation. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 24(4):841–853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Wang L, Du H, Boulkroune A (2017a) Adaptive fuzzy backstepping tracking control for strict-feedback systems with input delay. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 25(3):642–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Bai L, Wang L, Zhou Q, Wang H (2017b) Adaptive neural control of uncertain nonstrict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint and unknown dead zone. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 47(8):2048–2059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Wang F, Zhang Y, Chen X, Chen CLP (2015) Adaptive tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with a fuzzy dead-zone input. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(1):193–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monopoli RV (1975) Adaptive control for systems with hard saturation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on decision and control, Houston, Texas, USA, pp 841–843

  • Park JH, Park GT (2001) Robust adaptive controller using universal approximators for nonlinear systems under input constraint. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on industrial electronics (ISIE). IEEE, Pusan, South Korea, vol 3, pp 1881–1886

  • Polycarpou M, Farrell J, Sharma M (2003) On-line approximation control of uncertain nonlinear systems: issues with control input saturation. In: Proceedings of the American control conference, Denver, Colorado, USA, vol 1, pp 543–548

  • Selmic RR, Lewis FL (2000) Deadzone compensation in motion control systems using neural networks. IEEE Trans Autom Control 45(5):602–613

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Strang G (1980) Linear algebra and its applications, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New Work

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tao G (2014) Multivariable adaptive control: a survey. Automatica 50(11):2737–2764

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tao G, Kokotovic PV (1994) Adaptive sliding control of plants with unknown dead-zone. IEEE Trans Autom Control 39(1):59–68

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Li Y (2013a) Adaptive fuzzy output feedback control of MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown dead-zone input. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(1):134–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Li Y (2013b) Adaptive fuzzy decentralized output feedback control for nonlinear large-scale systems with unknown dead-zone inputs. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(5):913–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Liu C, Li Y (2010) Fuzzy-adaptive decentralized output-feedback control for large-scale nonlinear systems with dynamical uncertainties. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 18(5):845–861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong SC, Li YM, Feng G, Li TS (2011) Observer-based adaptive fuzzy backstepping dynamic surface control for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B 41(4):1124–1135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Li Y, Shi P (2012) Observer-based adaptive fuzzy backstepping output feedback control of uncertain MIMO pure-feedback nonlinear systems. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 20(4):771–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Wang T, Li Y, Chen B (2013) A combined backstepping and stochastic small-gain approach to robust adaptive fuzzy output feedback control. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(2):314–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LX (1994) Adaptive fuzzy systems and control: design and stability analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Huang J (2002) Adaptive neural network control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form. Automatica 38(8):1365–1372

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu B, Shi ZK, Yang CG, Sun FC (2014) Composite neural dynamic surface control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict-feedback form. IEEE Trans Cybern 44(12):2626–2634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang T, Ge SS, Hang CC (2000) Adaptive neural network control for strict-feedback nonlinear systems using backstepping design. Automatica 36(12):1835–1846

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang TP, Wen H, Zhu Q (2010) Adaptive fuzzy control of nonlinear systems in pure feedback form based on input-to state stability. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 18(1):80–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong YS (2005) Globally stable adaptive system design for minimum phase SISO plants with input saturation. Automatica 41(9):674–692

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdesselem Boulkroune.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Communicated by A. Di Nola.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Haddad, M., Zouari, F., Boulkroune, A. et al. Variable-structure backstepping controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with actuator nonlinearities based on adaptive fuzzy system. Soft Comput 23, 12277–12293 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04233-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04233-7

Keywords

Navigation